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Aristotle on dreams
Dekarli, Martin ; Špinka, Štěpán (referee) ; Thein, Karel (advisor)
The thesis deals with the Aristotle concept oť dreams. In introduction we outline a certain tradition ol' discourse about dreams before Aristotle and put foward our main proposition - sensory perception is kind ofthe material change. Within the framework oftradition, Aristotle develops his own concept of dreams and dreaming. Dreams are something deamonic; kind of phantasma, which occurs during the sleep. They are caused by residual movements from sensory perception. Phantasia is the faculty which give rise to dreaming phantasma. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of Aristotle's notions ofthe soul and iťs capacities. Mainly we outline the description of senseory perception, phantasia, intelect, cognition and thought. The second chapter, which is for our purpose the main chapter, deals with intimate analysis of Aristotle's concepts of sleep and waking, dreams, divination from dreams and the interpretation of dreams. The sleep and waking are the opposite states of koine aisthesis. During the sleep nutritive part ofthe soul is most active (owing to heart, blood, pneuma). Ďivination from dreams come follow out from dream phantasmata. The interpretation of dreams is based upon perceiving of resemblances between dreaming phantasmata and sensual data. The conclusion summarizes the thesis sensory...
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Socrates' Dream and 'Doing One's Own Job' in the Charmides
Thein, Karel
Author suggests to solve the problem of the compatibility of the apories in Charmides with Plato's theory of knowledge. The proposed solution consists in formal inquiry of the dialogue's structure. In the first step, Boháček compares the way of argumentation as well as dramatic structure of Charmides with "small Socratic" dialogues as Ion; Charmides proves to be completely different. The second step consists in Boháček’s own analysis of the common structure of the "transitive" dialogues represented by Lysis and Protagoras. In this group, Socrates converses with two paradigmatic partners: the weaker potential pupil and the stronger one, who stands for an authority and potential teacher of the weaker partner. Socrates defeats the rival, but doesn't offer any positive knowledge to the weaker young partner; he stands only for personal example and offers practical guidance. Charmides is identified with this common scheme and classified as a typical transitive dialogue.
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