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Biological activities of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil
Bílková, Zuzana ; Martin, Jan (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee)
Zuzana Bílková, Biological activities of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil, Thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, thesis author: PharmDr. Jan Martin, PhD., Hradec Králové, 2013, 72 pages. The thesis called "Biological activities of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil" is interested in biological activities of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil, specifically antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, nematicidal and repellency activities. The aim of work was to find out, if the oil can be used in these indications and become natural substitution to the chemical compound toxic to the environment. Antifungal activity was tested against the most common human patogenes, low toxicity proves that essential oil can be used on human cells without causing any harm. Antioxidant activity was tested on NO reaction, nematicidal activity was tried on proctection of crop where nematodes cause huge economic loss. Repellency activity can protect both decorative and agricultural plants. Key words: Lavandula angustifolia, biological activities, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, cytotoxicity, repellency, antioxidant, nematicidal, essential oil.
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The effect of elicitors on the secondary metabolites production in vitro cultures -I.
Damaskinos, Antonios ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
Active compounds have been always originated from plants. Plants though, were able to produce only very low amounts of them and that was the reason for trying many alternative ways of production, one of them being plant tissue culture cultivation. This method is any fragment of living tissue or organ taken from an intact plant or an already existing explant culture, with the intention of growing an artificial growth medium. Even this method though, is not able to produce large amounts compared to extraction from field plants. Elicitation is considered a possible way to increase the production of secondary metabolites. This method used the plant's own defense system, in order to increase the production of secondary metabolites in vitro. The compound which is used to produce the effect is called elicitor. During our experimental work I used as an elicitor the compound Ethephon (2-Chloroethylphosphonic acid) upon callus and suspension cultures of Hypericum perforatum, with intention to observe its effect on flavonoid production. This experiment was based on three different concentrations and six different withdrawal times, being 6, 12, 24, 72, 168 hours. The maximum effect of elicitor was reached with concentration c1 (1mg/100ml) after 12 hours and with concentration c3 (100mg/100ml) after 72 hours.
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Side effects of selected nautral compounds.
Tzitzili, Eirini ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee)
in English This thesis is a review of substances contained in medicinal plants, the side effects and complications that they provoke. The adverse drug reactions are directly related to the constituents contained in each plant. Information for this work was taken from sources published from 1965 until 2013, especially from The Essential Guide To Herbal Safety and from the databases webmd.com and ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. It is discussed how the use of natural medicinal drugs affect vital organs in the human organism and in which cases their consumption is contraindicated. Central nervous, cardiovascular, urinary, gastrointestinal, endocrine, haemopoietic, respiratory, urinary systems are affected and allergic reactions are possible to occur as complications. Hypericum perforatum is typical for causing gastrointestinal irritations and Chamaemelum nobile and Achillea millefolium are found to cause dermatic complications. Finally, Piper methysticum may induce extreme sedation, since it has anxiolytic and antiepileptic properties. Keywords: side effects, contraindications, medicinal plants, uses, constituents.
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Integration programmes for immigrant children in the Czech Republic and Great Britain
Tůmová, Lenka ; Ženíšek, Jakub (advisor) ; Farrell, Mark Robert (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with immigration integration politics and programmes of the Czech Republic and the Great Britain, with the main focus on the integration of immigrant children into the society and education system. The work is divided into two parts: each one gives information about Czech and British immigration history and development, integration policies, and the main issues that each of the country is dealing with. All the information and data used in the text come from the latest research and from updated source documents.
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The Effect of Elicitation on Production of Secondary Substances in Cultures in vitro
Špandelová, Veronika ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
The effect of elicitation on production of secondary substances in cultures in vitro Plant secondary metabolites are important sources for pharmaceutical, chemical and food industry. Elicitation is one of the possibilities how to increase the production of secondary subtances in cultures in vitro. The effect of abiotic elicitor 2- (3-brombenzylsulfanyl)pyridine-4-karbothioamide with antituberculotic activity on the isoflavonoids production Genista tinctoria callus and suspension culture was tested in this study. The elicitor was applied in three concentrations. Elicitation was run in this time intervals: 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours. Cultures were cultivated on nutrient medium, that described Shenk and Hildebrant with the addition of 0,5 mg/l of 2,4- dichlorfenoxyacetic acid and 0,1 mg/l of kinetin. The content of isoflavonoids was determined by HPLC. The highest content of isoflavonoids (0,03 %) in callus culture was found after the application of elicitor's solution in concentration of c3 = 2,96 x 10-5 mol/l after 24 hours of treatment. The maximum production of daidzein (0,02 %) in callus culture was detected after 48 hours of elicitor treatment in concentartion of c1 = 2,96 x 10-3 mol/l and after 24 hours of elicitor treatment in concentration of c3 = 2,96 x 10-5 mol/l. Suspension culture...
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The Influence on Production of Secondary Metabolits in Tissue Culture Hypericum perforatum (L.)
Machačková, Jana ; Martin, Jan (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Farmacognosy Candidate Mgr. Jana Machačková Consultant PharmDr. Jan Martin, Ph.D. Title of Thesis The influence on production of secondary metabolits in tissue culture Hypericum perforatum (L.) Using of precursors is one of the biotechnological methods, where precursors are added to the culture medium. Callus and suspensions cultures of Hypericum perforatum L. were used. Fenylalanin and cinnamoyl acid in concentrations 20,0 g/l, 2,0 g/l and 0,2 g/l, resp. 25,0 g/l, 2,5 g/l and 0,25 g/l were used as precursors. The effect of precursors on the production of flavonoids was evaluated after 4, 24 and 168 hours. Cultures were cultivated on Murashige and Skoog medium with addition 2 mg/ml growthing hormon BAP. HPLC method for analysis was used. Generally, the highest increase of flavonoids was made by precursor fenylalanin in concentration B in callus and suspensions cultures. The top in production of quercitrin was detected in suspension cultures after application fenylalanin in concentration C after 168 hours cultivation (from 0,16 % to 0,22 %). Hyperosid was the most increased by fenylalanin in concentration C after 4 hours cultivation (from 0,24 % to 0,35 %). Cinnamoyl acid as precursor is not suitable for increase...
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In vitro cultures of medicinal plants - XIII.
Kubeš, Jan ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
Jan Kubeš Genista tinctoria in vitro - abiotická elicitace Cultures of medicinal plants in vitro - XIII. The plants cultures in vitro contain lesser amounts of secondary metabolites in compare with intact plants. The elicitors can affect these metabolites production. The effect of electric current (50mA) of different voltage (5, 7, 8, 10, 15, 20 and 24 V) and different time exposition (10, 30, and 60 minutes) on content of isoflavones was studied on (Genista tinctoria) suspension culture. The highest concentration of genistin (0.17 %) was measured in suspension culture after 30 min of elicitation by 10 V after 6 hours of cultivation. The highest concentration of daidzein (0.35 %) was found in suspension culture after 60 min of elicitation by 5 V after 24 hours of cultivation. The highest concentration of genistin (1.6 mg/100ml) was measured in medium after 30 min of elicitation by 5 V after 24 hours of cultivation. The highest concentration of daidzein (1.77 mg/100ml) was found in medium after 10 min of elicitation by 24 V after 6 hours of cultivation.
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In vitro cultures of medicinal plants - XII.
Janoutová, Martina ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Dušková, Jiřina (referee)
Martina Janoutová In vitro cultures of medicinal plants - XII. Abstract The effect of ultrasound (US) as abiotic elicitor on the flavonolignans production in Silybum marianum L suspension culture was investigated. The culture was cultivated in Murashige and Skoog nutritive medium with ( - NAO) (g/l) as growth regulator at 25o C and luminous period 16 h of light and 8 h of darkness. The elicitor - ultrasound by frequency 35kHz and intensity 0,1Wcm-3 for a period 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 min has been used. The samples were taken in 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 h after US exposition. The control samples were taken in 0 and 48 h. The quantity of flavonolignans was determined by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest increase of taxifolin content was apparent after 5 min of US elicitation and 48 h sampling (0,04%) - 400%, other increase was apparent after 5 min of elicitation and 72 h sampling. The higher content of silychristin was found after 1 min of US elicitation and 72 h sampling, the same level was observed after 2 min of elicitation and 24 h sampling. The higher level of silydianin was detected after 2 min of US elicitation and 6 h sampling and the silybin B after 2 min of elicitation and 12 h sampling after exposition. Taxifolin and flavonolignans release to the nutrient medium was...
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In vitro cultures of medicinal plants - XI.
Sojková, Kristýna ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
In vitro cultures of medicinal plants - XI. Elicitation is one of the few strategies that can be used in enhancement of secondary metabolites production from explant cultures. The effect of abiotic elicitor (silver nitrate) on flavonolignan and flavonoid taxifolin production in suspension culture of Silybum marianum L. (Gaertn.) and on isoflavones production in suspension culture of Genista tinctoria L. was tested. Silver nitrate in various concentrations (5.887.10-3 mol/l; 5.887.10-4 mol/l; 5.887.10-5 mol/l) was used as elicitor. Content of secondary metabolites in suspension cultures was determinated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The samples were taken after 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours after elicitor treatment. The highest content of taxifolin production (0.02 %) in suspension culture of Silybum marianum L. (Gaertn.) after silver nitrate (5.887.10-4 mol/l) treatment and 72 h sampling was detected. The highest content of genistin (0.05 %) in suspension culture of Genista tinctoria L. was found after silver nitrate (5.887.10-4 mol/l) treatment and 48 h sampling. The highest content of daidzein (0.09 %) was detected after elicitor (5.887.10-4 mol/l) treatment and 168 h sampling.
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Alkaloid and flavonoid content in Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw.
Ptáčníková, Lucie ; Martin, Jan (advisor) ; Tůmová, Lenka (referee)
Lucie Ptáčníková, The volume of alkaloids and flavonoids in Fontinalis antipyretica, Thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, thesis tutor: PharmDr. Jan Martin, PhD., Hradec Králové, 2012, 55 pages. Thesis called "Content of alkaloids and flavonoids in Fontinalis anitpyretica" establishes alkaloids and flavonoids and identifies one substance of these alkaloids in the above-mentioned water moss. The main purpose of this thesis was to obtain samples of Fontinalis antipyretica from selected locations in the Czech Republic (Ledce, Rychnovek, Kunvald). Next purpose was to determine alkaloids and flavonoids of collected material, isolated one substance of alkaloid character and verify identity of selected alkaloid. The content of alkaloids and flavonoids was determined by using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that β - carboline alkaloid harmin was determined by consensus UV spectrum and retention time with standard. Consequently flavonoids called myricetin and hyperosid was determined. Identity of β - carboline alkaloid harmin was verified by using NMR analysis. Keywords: alkaloids - harmalol - harmin - Fontinalis antipyretica - flavonoids
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