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Power and responsibility of the child
SVOBODOVÁ, Kateřina
This thesis is in the form of literature review. It deals with the development of understanding of the power and the responsibility of the children and the modern concept of education through which the parents try to influence their children so that they would be capable of socialization and long-term functioning in everyday life without conflict with the generally accepted patterns of coexistence. The most important groups influencing social development of individuals are defined in the introduction. I mention briefly below the overall moral development of children, because the control of desire for power and awareness of the responsibilities is included in the overall understanding of the basic principles of human behavior in society. The next section is already about development of application of own power, finding of limits for speeches and actions in contact with other people, and the gradual awareness of the responsibility for own actions. In the connection with the power, It is impossible not to mention the aggression that occurs among children more often nowadays and it is very difficult to solve it. The paper describes the difficulties with which parents can meet during the education. I suggest gradually approaches that help parents in ensuring that children get rid of a feeling of omnipotence and superiority appearing in the vast majority of them and understand that It is important to be responsible. At the end, I briefly notice when a child is seen as a responsible user of her own rights and obligations in terms of the Act. The aim of this thesis was to show that the initial prehension of power and responsibility by children is incompatible with the standards for normal life in society. Parents have to lead children with focused and persistent education to behavior modification and shift the understanding of these concepts.
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Czech-Israeli relations
Svobodová, Kateřina ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Matějka, Zdeněk (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the problematic of relations between the Czech republic and the State of Israel from its beginnings to the present days. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first chapter describes the development of the mutual relations until 1989 with the emphasis on the events of the 20th century. The second part deals with the current Czech-Israeli relations and the third part analyses the role of the Czech republic in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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Attitudes towards ethnical and national minorities
SVOBODOVÁ, Kateřina
This Bachelor Thesis deals with the issue of attitudes of pupils of classes 7 and 8 of elementary schools of the Region of South Bohemia towards ethnical and national minorities. The theoretical part summarizes the current knowledge on selected minorities (Romany, Vietnamese, Ukrainian and American). The implementation of the practical part took place in form of quantitative-qualitative research made in February and March 2010 in classes 7 and 8 of selected elementary schools in villages under 7 000 citizens (ZŠ J. A. Komenského Blatná, ZŠ Bělčice, ZŠ Sedlice). The goal of the Thesis consisted in mapping of attitudes of the target group of pupils with differentiation by gender towards the most frequent ethnical and national minorities in the Czech Republic. The research results show that the attitudes of pupils of classes 7 and 8 towards minorities do not copy the attitudes of broad public stated in public opinion polls. Girls from the target set show more positive relationship to ethnical and national minorities than boys. It can be stated in general that pupils of classes 7 and 8 are relatively helpful and open towards minority groups of fellow citizens, but they are aware of problems related particularly to coexistence with Romany minority. Creation of positive attitudes towards minorities through school lessens and special programs and events for pupils is important with regard to the possibility of such individuals starting life without prejudices emerging in close environment of the individual on the base of stereotyped behaviour and thinking. The research shows that pupils of classes 7 and 8 are able to perceive the characteristics of the relevant groups on the base of interpretation presented by their environment but that they can also express their opinion on fellow citizens from other national and ethnical minorities they meet.
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Childbirth formerly and today
SVOBODOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor paper deals with the development of obstetrics since the very beginnings when all connected with birthgiving was tinged with something ``mysterious, empirical{\crqq} up to the present day when obstetrics is grounded on many facts. The care for the birthgiving woman is continuously innovated. First, the birthgiving woman was taken care of by older women of her family who had already given birth to their children and had therefore experience they could pass further. Nowadays it is the midwives who take care of the woman during her delivery. As well as in the past women close to the birthgiving woman the midwives are with the woman and they try to make the delivery easier for her. The development is still progressing but there is still the fact that a delivery is a situation when health is at stake, for both the newborn and the woman. The survey aimed at drawing an outline of the development of the care provided to the birthgiving woman. The methodology of the paper is a semi conducted interview. The first variant of the interview was prepared for woman who gave birth 50 years ago, 20-25 years ago and for woman who gave birth 7 years ago. The second variant was prepared for midwives without the difference of age. When interviewing women having given birth 20-25 years ago I was very surprised by their unified opinion. They agreed on the fact that the care for them and the attitude of the medical personal was inadequate to them. They were very malcontent. Mostly they complain about the first stage, when they had to lie on the bed, mostly with a drip-feeding. On the other hand women having given birth 50 years ago were satisfied with the care they had during their delivery. The greatest satisfaction is however declared by women who gave birth 7 years ago, who consider the medical personnel obliging and regardful. Especially they speak about the possibility of movement which was not allowed to women 20 years ago. The interviews with midwifes confirm that the development in obstetrics is progressing. Midwives who entered their employment after 1990 claim that competencies are increasing while older midwives claim the contrary, they say that at the beginning of their carreer their competences were greater than they are today. However all midwives agree that women nowadays are more informed on delivery than they used to be. Unfortunately, they are sometimes overinformed so that they do not know what to choose. Therefore the midwives recommend prenatal courses organised by the materninty clinic where it is the midwife of the particular clinic who informs women on possibilities and procedures which are recommended and carried out at the clinic. The survey has therefore shown, that the care for birthgiving woman is improving. And women are very satisfied at present.
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Biodegradation of PCBs by a ligninolytic fungus
Cajthaml, Tomáš ; Kožená, Lenka ; Filipová, Alena ; Svobodová, Kateřina
Although production and use of polychlorinated biphenyls has been prohibited for many years, the compounds still represent a serious problem for the environment. The objective of this work was to test abilities of PCB degradation of several representatives of ligninolytic fungi: Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor, Irpex lacteus, Bjerkandera adusta, Picnoporus cinnabarinus, Dichomitus squalens, Phanerochaete magnolia, Panus tigrinus in two types of nutrient media i.e. low nitrogen mineral and complex.
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Microbial degradation of 17alfa-ethinylestradiol and bisphenol A
Křesinová, Zdena ; Svobodová, Kateřina ; Moeder, M. ; Cajthaml, Tomáš
17ethinylestradiol (EE2) and bisphenol A (BA) are endocrine disrupting compounds (ED). ED have a negative influence on animals and human hormonal systems animals, and thus they are serious envronmental contaminants. This work was focused on biodegradtion of EE2 and BA using 8 white rot fungi strains in liquid media. Pleurotus ostreatus, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus and Irpex lacteus were able to remove both ED under detection limit (initial concetration was 10 ppm) during the first three days of cultivation. In contrary, Phanerochaete chrysosporium was not able to degrade both ED durin 2 weaks long cultivation
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Screening of fungi are able to degradation of chlorobenzoates
Muzikář, Milan ; Křesinová, Zdena ; Svobodová, Kateřina ; Cajthaml, Tomáš
Degradation of chlorobenzoates (CBA), which are the intermediates by degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls, with fungi capable degrade lignin. These fungi are called ligninolytic or white-rot fungi. Biodegradation was tested in rich medium. The cultures were Bjerkandera adusta, Dichomitus squalens, Irpex lacteus, Phanerochaete chysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus, Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, Pycnoporus magnoliae a Trametes versicolor. The harvesting was performance 1., 2. and 3. week. Via ethylacetate we obtained the organic extract which was analyzed on HPLC. The start concentration was 10 ppm (10 μg/ml). We tested 12 substances of CBA
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