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Krajinna raného středověku a její změny s nástupem kolonizace
Kozáková, Radka ; Pokorný, Petr (advisor) ; Latalowa, Malgorzata (referee) ; Svitavská - Svobodová, Helena (referee)
Landscape transformation that occurred during the Middle Ages in western and central Europe is reflected in all pollen diagrams. An event that was so striking and widespread was used by Firbas to distinguish a biostratigraphical period called the Younger Subatlantic (zone X; Firbas 1949). High Medieval landscape transformation is connected with rapid colonization in our area that resulted in extensive deforestation and intensified agriculture. During the first half of the 13th century, the settlement network was already stabilized and was very similar to the current state and was reaching also mountain areas (Klápště 1994). New organization and changes in land ownership, as well as a need for more effective agriculture, resulted in the connecting of small fields into larger ones and in an increase of cultivated area (Klápště 2006). The use of the land was different, and for the first time complete (Bakels 2009). During a few centuries anthropogenic factors that were enormously enhanced throughout the 13th century, formed a cultural landscape that was much more similar to the landscape of today than to the landscape of, for instance, the 9th century. This doctoral thesis is focused on the Early Medieval landscape in the Czech lands and its transformation that culminated during the 13th and 14th...
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Pollen monitoring of the Bohemian Forest in the years 1996 - 2006
Svitavská-Svobodová, Helena ; Frantík, Tomáš ; Wild, Jan ; Melichar, V.
The results of the secular pollen monitoring research is focused on the Bohemian Forest where 19 pollen traps were installed on the vertical transects on strategy places gradually covering the areas from natural forest zones to forested-free ones. Three areas were selected in Bohemian Forest (1) the Massif of Trojmezný – Vltavský luh Upper Moldau river valley, (2) Železnohorská hornatina Uplands – Hartmanice region, and (3) Modrava - Kvilda pláně Uplands. The pollen traps were situated in the immediate vicinity of the sampling mire with a known vegetation history, next one on meso-distance at timber-line and the other on the highest peak of the selected transect zone.
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Palaeogenesis of the raised bogs of the Bohemian Forest
Svitavská-Svobodová, Helena
The Bohemian Forest landscape is characterized by the montane oligo-ombrotrophic peatbogs. The palaeogenesis of them began from the shallow lakes in the Dryas 13 thousand years ago. In the Allerod, Younger Dryas, and in the Preboreal a forming of the peatbogs with mosses, and sedges was observed. In the Boreal the vegetation of shrubs composed of Vaccinium, Ericaceae, and Calluna vulgaris covered the Central plains of the Bohemian Forest, in the Atlantic the changement of Carex peat to the peat of Scheuchzeria palustris, and Eriophorum vaginatum is mentioned. In the Subboreal and Subatlantic a development of Sphagnum peat followed. The development of pattern raised bogs began in the Subatlantic.
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