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Vliv fiskální politiky na příjmovou nerovnost ve vybraných zemích Latinské Ameriky
Urbanová, Anna ; Maialeh, Robin (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
The region of Latin America remains the most unequal in the world, despite the downward trend of last years. The negative socioeconomic impact of high income inequality has been examined and proved by many studies. The difference between inequality rates in Latin America and more equalitarian countries is much bigger when regarding income after taxes and transfers, which follows that the source of persisting high rates of unequal income distribution might be found in ineffective fiscal policy. This thesis examines the assumed impact of implemented fiscal policy on level of income inequality for four Latin American countries (Mexico, Brazil, Chile and Colombia). In the theoretical part, theoretical background for income inequality and fiscal policy is covered. The practical part includes analysis of development of income inequality, public expenditures and tax revenues in these countries from 1992 to 2012. Subsequently, regression model proves a significant negative impact of public health expenditures on income inequality in case of Mexico, Brazil and Chile. Public spending on education is found effective in reduction of income inequality in Brazil, however in case of Chile an increase in public spending on education seems to increase unequal distribution of income among households. Main finding of this thesis is that when efficiently targeted, fiscal policies aimed at increasing expenditure on health and education systems are likely to serve as effective measures of reduction of unequal income distribution.
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The influence of distance from the city center on apartments renting prices
Babjaková, Miriam ; Mirvald, Michal (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
The thesis examines the influence of a distance of a real estate from the city centre, on renting price of apartments in cities Prague and Brno. In addition, the thesis also assesses influence of other characteristics on renting price of apartments in the given area. The study is based on rental offer of apartments published on a website sreality.cz in February 2017. The data set contains information regarding 73 apartments in Brno and 347 apartments in Prague. On the basis of the regression analysis, the negative influence of distance of a real estate from the city centre on renting price has been demonstrated in both cities. In both cases, the significant influence of building characteristic on the rental price of apartments was found. In Prague, the energy performance of buildings has the strongest influence on the rental price, while in Brno, the condition of the building influences the rental price the most.
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Self-Employment in Czech Republic: Present and Future Dynamic of the Phenomenon
Vovchenko, Vladyslav ; Špecián, Petr (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
The thesis examines an unusual dynamic of the rate of self-employment in the Czech Republic. The hypothesis is that the positive dynamic of the rate of self-employment was caused by the influence of the extraordinary trends of the main determinants of the rate. OECD panel data and Eurostat databases were used for the empirical verification of the hypothesis. All regressions were based on the merged OECD data sets. Eurostat databases were used for an additional analysis. I found that all main determinants perform according to the theoretical background. Furthermore, there is nothing unusual in the main determinants of the self-employment for the Czech Republic. Despite the fact that other countries with the positive dynamic of the rate showed differences in the trends. Thus, I discuss possible alternative reasons.
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Dopad finančních prostředků EU na konvergenci příjmů: případ zemí střední Evropy
Kim, Joo Hyun ; Slaný, Martin (advisor) ; Chytilová, Helena (referee)
The aim of the paper is to examine the convergence hypothesis as well as whether EU funds positively influence income convergence. Four countries of Central European countries are chosen: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, to be compared to EU15 over the period of 1993 to 2015. The original hypothesis states that Poland should show the fastest speed of income convergence; Czech Republic should exhibit the lowest speed according to the convergence hypothesis. Moreover, it is assumed that EU funds have positive influences on income convergence. In order to test the hypothesis, beta convergence and sigma convergence are utilized by running regression models in STATA. The convergence hypothesis is correctly confirmed with the data from the regression models. Furthermore, it is proved that the EU funds brought positive impacts on income convergence based on changes in the income gap in the period of 1993 to 2015. So, EU funds have contributed to the process of income convergence between the four countries towards EU15.
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Alternative measures of GDP
Alizada, Tamerlan ; Chytilová, Helena (advisor) ; Slaný, Martin (referee)
The findings of the research reveal that GDP has a number of important flaws and shortcomings, and thus fails to serve effectively for the purpose of measuring the economic growth of countries and welfare of their population as of today. Based on the evaluation of the advantages and drawbacks of macroeconomic measures alternative to GDP such as the United Nations Human Development Index, the Social Progress Index, the Environmental Performance Index, the Happy Planet Index, the Legatum Prosperity Index, the OECD Better Life Index, the World Happiness Index, etc., the author comes to a conclusion that despite the growing use of alternative measures, as of today, they are not able to replace GDP, but might complement it quite effectively.
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Surface roughness measurement of shaft parts of gearbox MQ100 using scattered light method
Horák, Josef ; Slaný, Martin (referee) ; Kalivoda, Milan (advisor)
This thesis primary deals with the possible use of measuring the surface texture of gearbox MQ100 shaft parts in serial production by the scattered light method. The introduction briefly describes the company ŠKODA AUTO a.s., as well as gearbox MQ100. The paper continues by describing the process of manufacturing shaft parts, focusing on grinding, no. 130 for pinions and no. 135 for drive shafts, which is the last process of manufacturing shaft surfaces. The next part of the thesis describes the quality of ground surfaces in gearbox MQ100 shaft parts for the control period, followed by the dependency evaluation of parameter Aq, concerning the surface-structure optical measurement, on parameter Rz. After the dependency has been determined, the thesis delineates verification tests, and proposes a tolerance value for parameter Aq when taking the measurements by the diffused light method. In addition, a modification of the OptoSurf measuring device is suggested as well as the proposal of issuing a test certificate in order to determine the final tolerance value of parameter Aq.
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Technology Design of a Selected Part and Application of the Designed Changes in the Manufacturing Process
Turčín, Jiří ; Jaroš, Aleš (referee) ; Slaný, Martin (advisor)
This master thesis deals with a design of technological process description for a mechanical engineering part called „pressure plate“. The component is analyzed in regards to its mechanical engineering design and used material. Some brief theoretical prerequisites for an effective solution of the problem are summarized in the paper. A detailed research of current technological methods is provided, together with an analysis of the State-of-the-Art in manufacturing, introduction of technological possibilities of the company and a timeline records of the manufacturing process. In regards to the current methods and technologies, changes to the technological process are applied. Among these changes is a unification of machinery used in the process. This leads to an innovation of the methodology and the ways to clamp the component. Other applied alternations focus on a stabilization of the drilling process, which is reached by a choice of new tools and adjustment of cutting parameters. Furthermore, a variable coding of tools in case of automatic tool change is designed. This paper then provides two possible solutions based on proposed changes and alternations. These solutions, together with the tools mentioned, are subjects to a techno-economical assessment.
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A new design and technology of the low-pressure output part
Sláma, David ; Slaný, Martin (referee) ; Píška, Miroslav (advisor)
The aim of this work is make a new design and technology of the low-pressure output part of rail which is made in BOSCH DIESEL s.r.o. company. In the thesis is analyzed in detail the bending test, which is part of the quality control of the low-pressure welding joint. In the next part of the thesis is proposed the process of machining of this component, followed by experimental finding of welding parameters for resistance welding. Then several pieces are welded, which are measured and tested. The results of this tests are compared with customer requirements. Finally, a technical and economic evaluation of the change is made, which will save a considerable amount of money for the company.
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Efficiency Improvement Concept of Production of Rotary Component
Trčka, Radim ; Slaný, Martin (referee) ; Sedlák, Josef (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with machining of rotating components made of composite material. Components of the two manufacturing technologies are compared. The aim of the thesis was to analyze and calculate the costs of the given technologies for different production batches. At the end of the diploma thesis there is a technological-economic evaluation and decision on which production technology will be used.
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Surface heat treatment after 3D FDM print
Břoušek, Lukáš ; Slaný, Martin (referee) ; Zemčík, Oskar (advisor)
The topic of diploma thesis are surface heat treatments after 3D print by method Fused Deposition Modeling. In the introduction is located recherche of the given issue. Further, we describe the construction and process of the 3D printer construction, on which will be printed samples for experiments in the next part of the thesis. The aim is to determine the behavior and changes of surface structures of heat-affected samples from different materials. Furthermore, the suitability of the used methods and the possibility of their use in practice.
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