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Anthropometry of pregnant in retation to process and complexity of birth
Šeflová, Adéla ; Riedlová, Jitka (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
The pelvis plays an important role in childbirth. By measuring pelvic dimensions we can infer the possible problems that could occur during childbirth. The main aim of our study was to investigate the length of labour and length of each stage of birth and determine whether pelvic dimensions affect the length of labour. The basis of our study is anthropometric data of 140 mothers and their newborns (71 boys, 69 girls) born from April 2012 to March 2013 at the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child in Prague Podolí. Mothers were measured 4 pelvic dimensions, newborns 3 neonatal peripheral dimensions. Somatic characteristics of mothers were determined using questionnaires. Maternal age has neither effect on pelvic dimensions and size of the pelvis or correlates with parity. We were able to demonstrate the most distinctive reliance of labour length on parity. The increasing number of births reduces the total length of labour. Parity affects all three stages of birth. We were able to determine that the length of stages of birth is partly influenced by pelvic width (is-is, ic-ic), contraception, birth-length of newborn. We were also able to demonstrate the effect of abortion. From the results of our analysis it's quite obvious that maternal parity plays the most important role in influencing the...
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Growth of the Czech breastfed children at the age of 0-12 months
Riedlová, Jitka ; Schneidrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Hrstková, Hana (referee) ; Sedlak, Petr (referee)
In the last decade, there is a growing focus of health professionals on growth of children and their mode of feeding in the early age. According to the WHO global public health recommendation, infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months and thereafter should receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods while breastfeeding continues up to two years or beyond. In 2006, the WHO published growth standards and recommended their using for the assessment of growth of children up to the age of 5 years. The Czech Republic has a long-term tradition of its own nation-wide anthropological surveys (CAS) which provide data for constructing reference growth charts to be used for evaluation of growth and thriving in children. Therefore, the WHO growth standards were not implemented automatically. First, the study on growth of Czech infants exclusively or predominantly breastfed for at least 4 months (n=960) was undertaken. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether Czech growth references or WHO growth standards are more appropriate for growth assessment of Czech children. The study monitored four basic body parameters - length, head circumference, weight and weight to length. The hypothesis that growth curves of Czech breastfed infants will correspond to the WHO growth...
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Growth of the Czech breastfed children at the age of 0-12 months
Riedlová, Jitka ; Schneidrová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Hrstková, Hana (referee) ; Sedlak, Petr (referee)
In the last decade, there is a growing focus of health professionals on growth of children and their mode of feeding in the early age. According to the WHO global public health recommendation, infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first six months and thereafter should receive nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods while breastfeeding continues up to two years or beyond. In 2006, the WHO published growth standards and recommended their using for the assessment of growth of children up to the age of 5 years. The Czech Republic has a long-term tradition of its own nation-wide anthropological surveys (CAS) which provide data for constructing reference growth charts to be used for evaluation of growth and thriving in children. Therefore, the WHO growth standards were not implemented automatically. First, the study on growth of Czech infants exclusively or predominantly breastfed for at least 4 months (n=960) was undertaken. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether Czech growth references or WHO growth standards are more appropriate for growth assessment of Czech children. The study monitored four basic body parameters - length, head circumference, weight and weight to length. The hypothesis that growth curves of Czech breastfed infants will correspond to the WHO growth...
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The Current Situation in the Existence and Use of National Growth Standards in Europe and in the World Context
Hrušková, Hana ; Riedlová, Jitka (advisor) ; Vignerová, Jana (referee)
The aim of the thesis was to map the current state of the occurrence and the subsequent use of national reference data and on the basis of the data created growth charts with focusing mainly on European countries. Growth charts are an indispensable part of pediatric practice because of ease of use when assessing a child's development. Due to the secular trend, however, it is necessary to periodically update these graphs that they best resemble the growth of children population and to avoid false positives, eg. at pubertal spurt. The results of our analysis show that there are currently in use of growth references three basic trends: 1) is used only growth standards of the World Health Organization (WHO), for example: Serbia, Switzerland, Ukraine, 2) a combination of the standards of WHO and national reference for example: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Poland, and 3) use of only national references and concretely in the Czech Republic and mainly in states of northwestern Europe, eg. the Federal Republic of Germany and Finland.
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Anthropometry of pregnant in retation to process and complexity of birth
Šeflová, Adéla ; Riedlová, Jitka (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
The pelvis plays an important role in childbirth. By measuring pelvic dimensions we can infer the possible problems that could occur during childbirth. The main aim of our study was to investigate the length of labour and length of each stage of birth and determine whether pelvic dimensions affect the length of labour. The basis of our study is anthropometric data of 140 mothers and their newborns (71 boys, 69 girls) born from April 2012 to March 2013 at the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child in Prague Podolí. Mothers were measured 4 pelvic dimensions, newborns 3 neonatal peripheral dimensions. Somatic characteristics of mothers were determined using questionnaires. Maternal age has neither effect on pelvic dimensions and size of the pelvis or correlates with parity. We were able to demonstrate the most distinctive reliance of labour length on parity. The increasing number of births reduces the total length of labour. Parity affects all three stages of birth. We were able to determine that the length of stages of birth is partly influenced by pelvic width (is-is, ic-ic), contraception, birth-length of newborn. We were also able to demonstrate the effect of abortion. From the results of our analysis it's quite obvious that maternal parity plays the most important role in influencing the...
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Effect of breastfeeding on the growth of preschool children
Belušová, Zuzana ; Riedlová, Jitka (advisor) ; Sedlak, Petr (referee)
Growth, that is a sensitive indicator of children's health, should be evaluated in relation to suitable reference data. Under the term "physiological growth of chidren" is understood growth of long-term breast-fed infants that is - in the first months of their life - different from the growth of infants, who were not breast fed. This Thesis is focused on evaluation of impacts the long-term breast-feeding has on the growth of children in their pre-school age and on the differences in comparison with the children, who were breast- fed only minimally or not at all. Data used for this Thesis elaboration were obtained from a questionnaire and by measuring the essential physical proportions of children in different nursery and primary schools in Prague. Thereafter; by analysing the received data, we have come to the conclusion that long-term breast-feeding does not have any significant impact onto stature, weight nor head circumference of pre-school children. Some differences were detected concerning the BMI values and thickness of skin folds; however, the results were out of accord with our expectations that the long-term breast-fed children will have lower BMI values than the children, who were breast-fed just minimally. Comparing the Z-score of the long-term breast-fed children with regard to the data from the...
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Development of body segments in prepubertal and pubertal boys.
Pokorná, Radka ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Riedlová, Jitka (referee)
The study provides information about the development the basic characteristics of body segments - the volume, density and mass of prepubertal and pubertal boys. Growth is a fundamental attribute of living matter, and can be assessed in different ways. For more exact monitoring changes of weight, volume and density, we divide the human body into segments and we follow them on their level. There are a lot of methods for estimating these parameters / immersion method (Drillis, 1966), radioisotope method (Selujanov, 1978), DEXA, CT and MRI/. These methods are characterized by relatively high technological fastidiousness and require sophisticated instrumentation that may not always be available. The goal of this study was to create an interactive database for the registration of longitudinal data with automatic calculation the characteristics of body segments according to the method Atohs-Ulbrichová (1984). In the database were stored anthropometric parameters measured on a set of 254 boys aged 7-14 years from primary schools in Prague. Each child underwent four repeated anthropometric measurements. On each body was measured 61 somatometrics characteristics. Analysis these characteristics of body segments in prepubertal and pubertal boys shows that the mass and volume of body segments are increasing...
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