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Drugs and possibility of their elimination in sewage waters
Křivánková, Zuzana ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with issue of increasing consumption of pharmaceuticals and its influence on the environment. In the Czech Republic the pharmaceuticals from the benzodiazepine group are still widely prescribed and used by patients. There was tracked four representatives of this group alprazolam, bromazepam, diazepam and oxazepam which are indicated for therapy of insomnia, psychiatric diseases but also like a general anesthetics or antiepileptics. Presence of this pharmaceuticals is being repeatedly confirmed in wastewaters and surface waters troughout the whole Europe and other developed countries even though their negative effects for the water ecosystem are known. The target od this thesis is to optimalizethe methods for determination of choosen pharmaceuticals in watewaters in Brno and surrounded area. There was also evaluatedthe hazard level for water ecosystem related to the presence of pharmaceuticals in target matrices which were the wastewaters from wastewater treatment plants in towns Brno – Modřice and from two another towns in south Moravia. Concentrations of the pharmaceuticals were tracked in the influents and effluents. The analytes were isolated from the matrices by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and quantificated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with detection by the diode array (DAD).
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Study of degradation of micropolutants in water using advanced oxidation processes
Brož, Tomáš ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the study of pesticide degradation using various advanced oxidation processes. Finding an effective method to degrade these micropollutants is very important with their increasing consumption in the agricultural and other industries, because their adverse effects on non-target organisms and humans are also expected. In this work, the herbicides metazachlor and chloridazon were studied. The first part of this work is conceived theoretically and is focused on a basic description of advanced oxidation processes, including characterization of individual types, description of pesticides and their distribution and a brief description of the used analytical methods. The second part deals with the experiment itself and the evaluation of the results. Three different types of advanced oxidation processes were used for degradation: UV, H2O2, UV/ H2O2. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to determine the efficiency of the experiment. It was found that the most effective of the used degradation methods was the use of UV radiation with the addition of H2O2.
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Synthesis and properties evaluation attempts in new highermolecular conjugated systems applied for optoelectronics.
Skrášek, Martin ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Potáček, Milan (advisor)
The aim of this project was a literature search on application of organic semiconductors in optoelectronics and on synthesis of higher molecular conjugated precursors containing C=N bonds. Project is divided into theoretical section, experimental section and discussion. Theoretical part is focused on conductivity in organic compounds, principle of absorption and emission of energy radiation and its application in organic light-emitting diodes. There are also described reactions, which can be used for syntheses of target substances. Subject of the experimental section is synthesis of planned structures and their structure characterization. In the discussion part detailed description of the used methods is presented, problems with their application and final results.
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Purification of reverse osmosis concentrate using advanced oxidation processes
Bačovská, Leona ; Lev,, Jaroslav (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis investigates the possibility of using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for the degradation of surfactants in laundry wastewater reverse osmosis concentrate. The theoretical part offers an up-to-date perspective on the treatment and disposal of reverse osmosis concentrate and laundry wastewater treatment, and further explains the principle of AOPs. In the experimental part, sodium dodecyl sulfate was selected as a model anionic surfactant. The degradation of sodium dodecyl sulfate was monitored in distilled water, in artificial laundry wastewater and in a real concentrate. All experiments were conducted on a semi-operational AOP unit and the following three reaction systems were used: UV/H2O2, UV/O3 and UV/H2O2/O3. The effectiveness of all three mentioned systems was demonstrated, with a degradation in sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration of 68 – 69 % in distilled water and 53 – 56 % in artificial laundry wastewater. In the real concentrate, the UV/H2O2 system was the most effective system when there was a 73 % degradation in anionic surfactants.
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Use of recycling membrane technology for industrial waters
Vykydalová, Adéla ; Mergl, Václav (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
The bachelor thesis deals with the recycling technology of industrial wastewater – more precisely, the laundry industry. The semi-operational pilot unit of ASIO TECH was used for testing this technology. The unit includes membrane processes – ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis and flotation process. There were 8 physico-chemical parameters selected for assesing the quality of wastewater and treated water. The tested semi-operational unit is suitable for cleaning laundry wastewater. The purified water can be used in the next washing process or for the water source for the steam generator.
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Classification of concentrate from membrane processes
Vespalec, Jan ; Mergl, Václav (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
The Master’s Thesis deals with the classification of concentrate from membrane processes, specifically reverse osmosis concentrate. Membrane technology was used in two locations, namely a wastewater treatment plant location and an industrial laundry location. The reuse of water by using membrane processes requires consideration of the management of the concentrate further on. The concentrate may be concentrated to the point where it is not meeting the legally defined limits. The goal of this work is to determine whether reverse osmosis concentrate can be discharged to the surface water/sewage system and whether it is a hazardous waste or not. The conclusion of this work is that the monitored parameters occurring in the reverse osmosis concentrate are over the limits to be discharged to a surface water/sewage system but are below the limit for classification as hazardous waste.
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Evaluation of concentrate from pressure-driven membrane processes
Vejlupek, Petr ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Repková, Martina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the concentrate from the municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWTTP) and its disposal in the legislative power of the Czech Republic. The concentrate was sampled from UF-RO system. Common parameters such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved and undissolved solids, nitrate anions, nitrite anions, ammonium cations and chloride anions were determined. In the RO concentrate COD were determined from 16 mg/l to 33 mg/l, BOD5 were determined from 5,04 mg/l to 5,43 mg/l, concentration of dissolved solids were in the range of 1,19 g/l – 1,61 g/l, concentration of undissolved solids were in the range of 5 mg/l – 17 mg/l, concentration of ammonium cations were in the range of 0,24 mg/l – 2,56 mg/l, concentration of nitrite anions were in range of 0,15 mg/l – 6,50 mg/l, concentration of nitrate anions were in the range of 50 mg/l – 175 mg/l and concentration of chloride anions were in the range of 100 mg/l to 300 mg/l. It was determined that the RO concentrate exceed limits set by Czech Republic Government Decree No. 445/2021 Coll. [1] cannot be discharged into surface waters. Also it cannot be discharged into groundwater because of RO concentrate composition.
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Removal of metabolites of pesticides from groundwater during treatment for drinking water
Vaněk, Michal ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Král,, Pavel (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of the efficiency of pesticide metabolite removal at a water treatment plant. In the introduction, a research on the issue of pesticide substances in raw water, their removal during the treatment to drinking water and the basic classification of pesticides is made. The thesis includes an introduction to the issues at a specific water treatment plant, technological changes at the water treatment plant, tabulated and graphically processed measured values of pesticide metabolites in groundwater source and drinking water. In the conclusion of the thesis, individual pesticide metabolites are discussed, their sorption on granular activated carbon is assessed and conclusions are drawn.
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Analysis of drug residues in waters from small wastewater treatment plants
Pešková, Karolína ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Mravcová, Ludmila (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of pharmaceuticals residues in wastewater from wastewater treatment plants used for smaller sources of pollution (up to 2000 population equivalent). Pharmaceuticals entering the environment are a highly discussed topic, especially due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, negative effects on non-target organisms, vegetation etc. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with smaller wastewater treatment plants or root sewage treatment plants, which achieve excellent results in the field of organic pollution removal. It deals with their detailed description, functioning or division. Attention is paid to pharmaceuticals in general, mechanisms of their removal and methods of their determination in wastewater. In total of 24 drugs from the group of beta-blockers, macrolide antibiotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiepileptics, antidepressants and sulfonamides were selected for analysis. In the experimental part of this diploma thesis, wastewater samples were taken from domestic wastewater treatment plants (type AT 6, AT 12 Plus, AT 30 and AT 150) and from the root sewage treatment plant of Dražovice. The samples were first processed using optimized extraction method (solid phase extraction) and then analyzed using optimized UPLC-ESI-MS method. The presence of pharmaceuticals residues was confirmed in all analysed wastewater. The highest concentrations were detected for the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals – ibuprofen and diclofenac.
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Development and testing of a laboratory unit of membrane distillation
Plachý, Petr ; Repková, Martina (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis describes the development and testing of a membrane distillation laboratory unit based on microporous membranes made of polypropylene hollow fibers. For this purpose, a membrane module has been developed that allows easy and fast exchange of membrane bundles. Theoretically, this module enables direct (DCMD), air gap (AGMD), sweeping gas (SGMD) and vacuum (VMD) membrane distillation. The module was used in a laboratory unit that has been designed for testing of the membrane distillation process. This unit has been succesfully used for water distillation. In this work the influence of several operating parameters on distillate production in VMD and SGMD modes has been tested. In addition, the combined effect of feed temperature and flow and module pressure on distillate production has been described.
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