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Topoi in Critical Discourse Analysis
Preininger, Mikuláš ; Lehečková, Eva (advisor) ; Andrlová Fidlerová, Alena (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to explore, how critical discourse analysis, namely Discourse- Historical Approach (DHA), analyses argumentation strategies and how it uses the concept of topos. The main task of DHA is to grasp how socially problematic phenomena (e. g. discrimination) spread and based on this knowledge it aims to suggest ways to tackle them (e. g. defining correct and fallacious argumentation practices). In this way, DHA embraces both descriptive and normative approach. As a key analytical tool for describing and assessing argumentation, DHA uses the concept of topos. According to DHA, topos is a scheme which connects arguments with conclusions (e. g. the topos of authority, working in a sense we perform action x because subject y suggests so). The advantage of topos is the fact that, on the one hand, compared to arguments, it is more general, on the other hand, compared to abstract logical rules, it is more related to the content of argumentation. As such, it provides a useful tool for exploring typified manners of argumentation and persuasion. The way DHA analyses argumentation strategies and topoi, however, became a subject of criticism. First, it concerns the fact that argumentation analysis in DHA often lacks method and transparency (Žagar 2010). Second, it concerns the fact that...
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Clitic -s in Spoken Czech
Preininger, Mikuláš ; Chromý, Jan (advisor) ; Adam, Robert (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to explore the variation of forms jsi and -s in the function of preterite auxiliary. The theoretical part summarizes the essential enquiries concerning the subject. Neither of the variables as clitics has its own stress, and thus in utterance it seeks for a prosodic host. In Czech, it is generally the first phrase of the clause. Variables differ from each other as well, for example phonetically or dialectically. The practical part of the thesis comprises the original research which is based on the principles of the variationist sociolinguistics applied on data from the corpus ORAL2013. The results prove the dominating tendency of placing the auxiliary to the postinitial position. Another, and orderly less frequent means of use, may be explained as an outcome of language economy, functional sentence perspective, or the tendency to posit the auxiliary next to its l-participle. As a more frequent is in contemporary spoken Czech language almost within the whole area of Czech Republic the appearance of reduced variable. Its frequency increases when it comes to speakers from Moravia, if the same clause includes the form of reflexive si or se, and if the auxiliary follows a word ending with stop, sonorant, or vowel. Key words clitics, spoken Czech, linguistic variation, word order
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