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Comparison and characterization of salivary proteins from Sergentomyia and Phlebotomus sand flies
Polanská, Nikola
Sand flies (Diptera, Phlebotominae) are small biting insects and vectors of Leishmania spp. which cause medically and veterinary important disease - leishmaniasis. During the piercing of the host skin, sand fly females inject saliva to facilitate the blood feeding. The sand fly saliva is composed of many bioactive molecules which were shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-haemostatic functions. The saliva affects host's immunity in the bite site and consequently enhances the survival and development of transmitted pathogens. Most of the studies focus on salivary proteins and enzymes of sand flies belonging to Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia genera, while salivary proteins from sand flies of the third genus Sergentomyia were neglected so far. In this thesis we focused on comparison of salivary proteins from two Phlebotomus species, namely Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus orientalis, and Sergentomyia schwetzi. These sand fly species differ not only by the ecology and geographical distribution but also by host preferences. Both Phlebotomus species prefer large or medium-size mammals as the bloodmeal source, particularly rabbits, hares and dogs for P. perniciosus and cattle, goats, sheep and humans for P. orientalis. Contrarily, Sergentomyia sand flies are known for preferred feeding on reptiles...
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Comparison and characterization of salivary proteins from Sergentomyia and Phlebotomus sand flies
Polanská, Nikola ; Volf, Petr (advisor) ; Martin-Martin, Ines (referee) ; Chmelař, Jindřich (referee)
Sand flies (Diptera, Phlebotominae) are small biting insects and vectors of Leishmania spp. which cause medically and veterinary important disease - leishmaniasis. During the piercing of the host skin, sand fly females inject saliva to facilitate the blood feeding. The sand fly saliva is composed of many bioactive molecules which were shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-haemostatic functions. The saliva affects host's immunity in the bite site and consequently enhances the survival and development of transmitted pathogens. Most of the studies focus on salivary proteins and enzymes of sand flies belonging to Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia genera, while salivary proteins from sand flies of the third genus Sergentomyia were neglected so far. In this thesis we focused on comparison of salivary proteins from two Phlebotomus species, namely Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus orientalis, and Sergentomyia schwetzi. These sand fly species differ not only by the ecology and geographical distribution but also by host preferences. Both Phlebotomus species prefer large or medium-size mammals as the bloodmeal source, particularly rabbits, hares and dogs for P. perniciosus and cattle, goats, sheep and humans for P. orientalis. Contrarily, Sergentomyia sand flies are known for preferred feeding on reptiles...
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The role of Sergentomyia schwetzi in visceral leishmaniasis foci in Ethiopia and canine leishmaniasis in Romania
Polanská, Nikola ; Kolářová, Iva (advisor) ; Kodym, Petr (referee)
Visceral Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoan pathogen of Leishmania donovani complex (Kinetoplastida). There are some of the worst recorded outbreaks of the disease in the countries of East Africa. In the Old world the Phlebotominae sand flies of the genus Phlebotomus are vectors of Leishmania parasites, the causative agent of leishmaniasis that can affect vertebrates, including humans and veterinary important animals, while the so-called reptilian Leishmania are transmitted by the genus Sergentomyia. In the first part of this master thesis we present a summary of the results of studies and experiments focused on antibody response to saliva of the species Sergentomyia schwetzi of domestic animals in northern Ethiopia, that we could clarify the question whether sand flies of this genus take blood on warm-blooded animals. Using serological tests have confirmed the hypothesis that the species S. schwetzi, preferentially blood-taking on the reptiles, also takes blood on the warm-blooded vertebrates and might play a role in the transmission and mammalian Leishmania. In the second part of this thesis, we focus on the detection of protozoan Leishmania infantum (complex of Le. donovani) in dogs from Romania. We use specific primers against the kinetoplast DNA of Leishmania sp. but in no sample...
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