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Possibilities of perfluorinated organic compounds (PFCs) removal in drinking water treatment plants and their occurrence in drinking water sources in the Czech Republic
Čermáková, Lenka ; Fialová, Kateřina ; Prokopová, Michaela ; Semerád, Jaroslav ; Petříček, Radim ; Pivokonská, Lenka ; Cajthaml, Tomáš ; Pivokonský, Martin
This summary research report was implemented within the project TAČR TJ04000212 program to support applied research ZÉTA „Possibilities of perfluorinated organic compounds (PFCs) removal in drinking water treatment plants and their occurrence in drinking water sources in the Czech Republic“. This report is addressed to water treatment plant operators and serves as a basic material for optimizing the coagulation / flocculation and adsorption process in water treatment. The report explains in detail the issue of removal of perfluorinated organic substances (PFCs) in water treatment, especially the process of adsorption in pilot plant conditions. This report will be used as a theoretical basis for the operation of the water treatment plant in Kutná Hora operated by the Water Management Company Vrchlice - Maleč, a. s.
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Optimization of the coagulation process at the Březová water treatment plant
Pivokonský, Martin ; Čermáková, Lenka ; Prokopová, Michaela ; Pivokonská, Lenka
The presented report deals with the description of raw water quality focusing mainly on the nature of the contained organic substances, then a comprehensive evaluation of the operational efficiency of existing aggregation and laboratory optimization of coagulation operating parameters - especially the dose of coagulant and reaction pH. Coagulation in combination with sedimentation and sand filtration must be understood not only as the first stage of water treatment before ultrafiltration, but also as protection of the membranes themselves from their clogging, especially by macromolecular organic substances. From this point of view, it is necessary to operate coagulation with subsequent separation of aggregates with the maximum possible efficiency.
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Surface analysis of filter sand and membrane module
Pivokonská, Lenka ; Pivokonský, Martin
The presented report deals with the comparison of the surface structure of the membrane module after 5 years of operation with the surface of the new (unused) module. Furthermore, the subject of the report is the analysis of the grain surface of gravity sand filters. The aim is to determine the possible degradation of the ultrafiltration membrane and to verify whether and with what substances it is eventually clogged. In the case of sand filling of atmospheric filters, then confirm / refute the formation of aluminium hydroxide and biological growths (formation of secondary organic substances) on the surface of the grains.
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Jar Test Methodology for Water Treatment Optimization
Pivokonský, Martin ; Pivokonská, Lenka ; Vašatová, Petra ; Načeradská, Jana
The methodology is intended for water treatment plant (WTP) operators and serves as a basic guideline for an optimization of the coagulation process in water treatment. It describes the jar test procedure, which allows the determination of the optimum operating conditions of coagulation, i.e., type and dose of the coagulant and coagulation pH value, needed for reaching the highest treatment efficiency. The publication further contains a supplementary part with tables for conversion of molar to mass concentration (and vice versa) of coagulants, instructions for diluting coagulants and reagents for pH adjustment and examples of jar test data recording, processing and evaluation.
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Optimization of laboratory procedures for effective water treatment plant operation
Pivokonský, Martin ; Vašatová, Petra ; Petříček, Radim ; Pivokonská, Lenka ; Novotná, Kateřina
This scientific report has been realized within a TACR project (no. TJ01000169) of the ZÉTA programme aimed at supporting applied research. The report is intended for water treatment plant (WTP) operators and serves as a basic guideline for optimization of the coagulation process in water treatment. In the first part of the report, a methodology of jar tests is briefly described. Conducting the jar test is fundamental for an effective control over the coagulation step in WTP operation. Jar tests are necessary for a determination of the optimum operating conditions of coagulation, i.e., type and dose of the coagulant and coagulation pH value, needed for reaching the highest treatment efficiency. The other part of the report summarizes and evaluates the results of jar test optimization conducted at the WTP in Kutná Hora, and recommendations for optimization of the WTP operation are suggested. Economic aspects of the optimization are then discussed in a separate section.
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