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Experimental and clinically used vaccines based on vaccinia virus
Pilná, Hana ; Mělková, Zora (advisor) ; Šroller, Vojtěch (referee)
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is an enveloped DNA virus belonging in the Orthopoxviridae genus. It is a laboratory virus in which the natural host and exact origin remain unclear. However it is of great significance for human kind. First of all, different VACV strains were used for preparation of vaccines used in the smallpox eradication campaign. Even today a significant effort is made to prepare more efficient and safer vaccines against smallpox, namely because of still remaining concerns that variola virus - causative agent of smallpox - could be misused as a biological weapon. Advances in genetic engineering allowed use of VACV for additional purposes, namely as a vaccination and expression vector. VACV enables insertion of large pieces of foreign DNA into its genome and expression of this DNA in a host. Furthermore VACV replicates exclusively in a cytoplasm, decreasing a risk of incorporation of the viral DNA into the host genome. These and other features make VACV an ideal candidate as a vector for preparation of recombinant vaccines against various infectious and oncological diseases. This thesis provides a summary of both clinically used and experimental vaccines derived from VACV. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Effects of the Interferon regulatory factor 3 on immune responses to vaccinia virus in the atopic organism
Pilná, Hana ; Mělková, Zora (advisor) ; Drbal, Karel (referee)
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is an enveloped DNA virus, member of the Orthopoxviridae genus. VACV genome size is about 200 kbp. This huge genome capacity allows VACV to encode a set of factors that are non-essential for virus replication and spread in vitro. While these factors are needed for interfering with host immune responses, VACV remains strongly immunogenic. Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in atopic disorders are deregulated to a certain extent, leading to complications in case of infection or vaccination with vaccines based on replicating viruses, such as eczema vaccinatum caused by VACV. VACV effects on immune responses consist among others in the inhibition of expression of type I interferon (IFN) at various levels - for example in a specific inhibition of phosphorylation of the interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) via inhibition of the activity of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK 1) that normally phosphorylates IRF-3. Phosphorylation allows IRF-3 to translocate into the nucleus where it initiates transcription of IFNβ followed by induction of expression of IFN and interferon stimulated genes. Expression of these genes is shut down when IRF-3 activity is inhibited. To overcome this block, a recombinant VACV expressing murine IRF-3 under VACV p7.5 promotor (WR-IRF3) was generated....
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Experimental and clinically used vaccines based on vaccinia virus
Pilná, Hana ; Mělková, Zora (advisor) ; Šroller, Vojtěch (referee)
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is an enveloped DNA virus belonging in the Orthopoxviridae genus. It is a laboratory virus in which the natural host and exact origin remain unclear. However it is of great significance for human kind. First of all, different VACV strains were used for preparation of vaccines used in the smallpox eradication campaign. Even today a significant effort is made to prepare more efficient and safer vaccines against smallpox, namely because of still remaining concerns that variola virus - causative agent of smallpox - could be misused as a biological weapon. Advances in genetic engineering allowed use of VACV for additional purposes, namely as a vaccination and expression vector. VACV enables insertion of large pieces of foreign DNA into its genome and expression of this DNA in a host. Furthermore VACV replicates exclusively in a cytoplasm, decreasing a risk of incorporation of the viral DNA into the host genome. These and other features make VACV an ideal candidate as a vector for preparation of recombinant vaccines against various infectious and oncological diseases. This thesis provides a summary of both clinically used and experimental vaccines derived from VACV. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Ekonomika a řízení neziskové organizace v oblasti kultury
Nováková, Ivona ; Boukal, Petr (advisor) ; Pilná, Hana (referee)
Práce je zaměřena na nestatni neziskový sektor v České republice.V první části jsou představeny různé právní formy neziskových organizací, důvody jejich vzniku a obecně jejich situace v rámcí ČR.Druhá část je zaměřena na oblast kultury.Důraz je kladen na rozdíly v řízení takovýchto neziskových organizací.V třetí části je popsána ekonomika a řízení konkrétni neziskové organizace NADACE ŽIVOT UMĚLCE.Cílem práce bylo prokázat důležitost ekonomů ve vedení neziskové organizace.
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