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Characterization of protamine influence on indirect electrophoretic determination of heparin
Petrák, Ondřej ; Křížek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kubíčková, Anna (referee)
Cílem této bakalářské práce bylo studium interakcí heparinu a protaminu v prostředí kapilární zónové elektroforézy pomocí jejich vlivu na velikost plochy píku tetraargininu. Byla použita křemenná kapilára o vnitřním průměru 50 µm a celkové délce 50 cm. Efektivní délka kapiláry byla 41,5 cm a vzorek byl dávkován na dlouhý konec kapiláry. Byl optimalizován způsob dávkování jednotlivých zón, vhodné složení základního elektrolytu bylo již známo z předešlých experimentů, na které tato práce navazovala. Základní elektrolyt byl složen z 0,1 M roztoku kyseliny trihydrogenfosforečné a 0,1% roztoku hydroxyethylcelulózy. Vzorek byl dávkován hydrodynamicky tlakem 5,0 kPa po dobu 120 s. Následně byla stejným tlakem po dobu 90 s dávkována zóna základního elektrolytu. Poslední dávkovanou zónou byla zóna tetraargininu o koncentraci 1 mg/ml, která byla dávkována hydrodynamicky tlakem 5,0 kPa po dobu 3 s. Posledním krokem bylo vložení separačního napětí 30 kV po dobu 30 s. Tetraarginin byl detegován při λ = 200 nm. Byly změřeny vlivy samotného heparinu/ protaminu a jejich směsí v různých vzájemných poměrech. Bylo ověřeno, že se zvyšující se koncentrací heparinu dochází k poklesu plochy píku tetraargininu. Nově bylo zjištěno, jaký vliv na velikost tohoto účinku má přítomnost protaminu. Zde došlo k překvapivému...
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Nursing Process for a Patient with Post-resuscitation Therapeutic Hypothermia after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Viktora, Jan ; Vytejčková, Renata (advisor) ; Petrák, Ondřej (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with acute cardiology, namely with casuistry of a patient after acute myocardial infarction with successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the field, artificial pulmonary ventilation and therapeutic hypothermia. The thesis wants to present the highly specialised and demanding nursing care of resuscitated patients from the nurse's point of view with the use of the most modern procedures and technology. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided to several chapters describing anatomy and physiology of the cardiac muscle, acute myocardial infarction, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and therapeutic hypothermia. The main focus of this part of the thesis is on the diagnosis of the acute coronary syndrom itself. The theoretical part describes in more detail therapeutic hypothermia and nursing care of patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Very important chapter is also introduction of a patient on whom is concentrated the nursing care in the practical part of the thesis, and presentation of his hospitalization. The practical part deals with creating, planning and implementation of the nursing care by means of biomedical model and nursing process. The practical and theoretical part alike is divided to several chapters. The main one is focused on nursing anamnesis with...
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NaCl intake in the diet of patients with severe arterial hypertension
Křišťálová, Kateřina ; Petrák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Štrauch, Branislav (referee)
Arterial hypertension is a serious cardiovascular disease which has developed at around 2.5 million people in the Czech Republic. It is a civilization disease with progressive occurrence among the population of the Czech Republic. This bachelor thesis deals with the diet of the patients with the arterial hypertension with focus to the intake of the cooking salt in the food. Excessive amount of the cooking salt in the food is believed to be one of the main risk factors for the development of the arterial hypertension. The aim of this thesis is an evaluation of the particular dietary habits from the point of the nutritional therapy. Theoretical part of the thesis describes arterial hypertension its causes classification epidemiology diagnostics and last but not least its treatment. Practical part of the thesis is based on the anonymous questionnaire. Questionnaire is focused on the questions concerning basic demographic characteristics in the clinical treatment of hypertension and on the questions concerning non-pharmacological treatment i.e. nutrition (with focus on the cooking salt) and physical activity. The aim is to find out the quality of arterial hypertension patients' diet, their awareness of the proper diet, their adherence to the proper diet, whether patients avoid salty and improper food and their...
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Profile of a person with resistant hypertension in terms of lifestyle. The level of knowledge of non-pharmacological measures and their observance.
Pražanová, Ivana ; Petrák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Krátká, Zuzana (referee)
Arterial hypertension represents serious health issue in developed countries. Together with smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity it is one of the most important risk factor of the cardiovascular diseases, ischemic heart disease, stroke and other atherosclerosis manifestation. This bachelor thesis in its theoretical part contains an overview of basic facts about arterial blood pressure, regulatory mechanisms in the organism related to the possibilities of pharmacological interventions and also an overview of non-pharmacological measures, recommended to be introduced together with the pharmacological treatment of the hypertension. The thesis studies an effect of psycho-social factors on the hypertension prevalence in population and possibilities of hypertension prevention and treatment via lifestyle changes. The barriers in lifestyle changes implementation are described as well as scientific papers studying an effect of multi-component behavioral intervention on the blood pressure. Practical part of the thesis analyzes an anonymous research based on the questionnaire distributed among 72 3rd internal clinic patients diagnosed with the resistant hypertension and located at the department C. Personal characteristics and the patients' style of life was followed in order to find any typical...
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Major dietary mistakes in patients with severe arterial hypertension
Jandová, Jana ; Petrák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Krátká, Zuzana (referee)
My bachelor's thesis was focused on the main mistakes in dietary habits in patients with severe form of arterial hypertension. Theory defines concept of arterial hypertension, summarizes the risk factors of arterial hypertension, epidemiology and treatment. The last part of my work was focused on the most important findings in dietology, which are crucially important in treatment of arterial hypertension. Practical part of my work was based on anonymous questionnaire survey. Questionnaire includes questions on lifestyle and eating habits of patients with severe arterial hypertension. The aim of the study was determine whether patients follow recomended dietary intervention and the most common diet mistakes of patients. We have included 55 patients, predominantly males, mean age 52 ± 13 years and BMI 32 ± 5 kg/m2 . The diet regime was often irregular with frequent absence of breakfast. Intake of fruits, vegetables and fish was insufficient. In the composition of the diet frequently occurring adverse sausages, butter, fatty cheese and cream products. Also we have found inappropriately high intake of sugary beverages and food, whether in the form of pastries or sweets. Study has also shown that observed patients rarely engage in physical activities. In conclusion, study shows which dietary mistakes...
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Alteration of cardiovascular system in endocrine hypertension, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects
Petrák, Ondřej ; Widimský, Jiří (advisor) ; Kittnar, Otomar (referee) ; Filipovský, Jan (referee)
aj This study contributes to knowledge of pathophysiology and organ complication in endocrine hypertension, especially in primary hyperaldosteronism and pheochromocytoma. Study in patients with pheochromocytoma showed higher arterial stiffness due to catecholamine overproduction. In this study we pointed out that predominantly norepinephrine levels and concomitant high blood glucose levels were independently associated with arterial stiffness. Similarly, a study in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism showed higher arterial stiffness in comparison with a comparable group of essential hypertension. This finding should be one of the factors which contribute to higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism. A study of biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction has still showed contradictory conclusions. The position of the markers in clinical practice has not been resolved yet. In our study, we did not reveal any convincing evidence of differences in the levels of biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction between the essential and endocrine hypertensions. The contemporary accepted marker of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis is C-reactive protein as a marker of a chronic low inflammation process. Our study in patients with...
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