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Problems of Search for the Meaning of Life by Milan Machovec
Šlégl, Jiří ; Pelcová, Naděžda (advisor) ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (referee) ; Pauza, Miroslav (referee)
Milan Machovec (1925 - 2003) was one of the most significant Czech philosophers of the second half of the 20th centutry. This work is focused on a dilemma which connects all interests of Machovec into one unit. The topic is Search for the Meaning of Life. Due to personal, political and social changes the view at this topic has changed during Machovec's creative life. The work is divided into three main periods, in which we trace this continuous evolvement. At first, it is "Marxist solution" (1946 - 1964), where Machovec is trying to use a historial analysis to show the evolvement, understanding and search of the meaning of men's life from the times of antigue up to present. He comes to the conclusion that the only acceptable possibility is a socialist solution. This result is quite under the influence of a historical contemporary context. Thereby, Machovec is identified with the ideology of the leading communist party. In the second period "Expectation and Conversion" (1965 - 1989) the approach to this dilemma is changed completely. Machovec is not searching for the meaning of life in a historical context of this phenomena but he is trying to make his own conclusions. He is attempting to find the meaning of life thanks to human work, universe, history, humanism, god, delight, future or dialogue....
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"Non-sociology": Bruno Latour's conception of modernity
Mareš, Jakub ; Šubrt, Jiří (advisor) ; Pauza, Miroslav (referee)
This thesis called "»Non-sociology«: Bruno Latour's Conception of Modernity" is a theoretical writing concerned with description of the conception of modernity of the French sociologist, philosopher and anthropologist Bruno Latour. This description is put into broader context of Latour's work and serves as a basis for asking questions and raising challenges to the social theory, politics and ethics. Because Latour's conception of modernity isn't compatible with the idea of society as an aggregate of human actors and stresses the importance of so called nonhuman actors, special attention is devoted to Latour's interest in sciences and technologies, where these non-human actors originate. These non-human actors have significant roles and functions in sstabilization of social relations and dominance. Thus, the concepts Latour and his colleagues use to integrate nonhumans into social theory are introduced, most notably the actor-network theory. Finally, modernity is presented as a self-describing semantics, which relies on two distinct aggregates of Society and Nature without giving proper notice to the continuous and progressively growing mixing of human and nonhuman entities. An alternative, under the concept of collective, is introduced.
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Brentano´s Conception of the “rational theism“
Pauza, Miroslav
Brentano´s conception of God is based on Arstotle´s approach to the „natural philosophy“ and in the same time on principles of the „descriptive psychology“ of Brentano. His „rational theism“ should be the continuation of the theology in the sense of its transformation, it means not of its negation or a simple evolution.
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On the Rádl – Masaryk Relationship
Pauza, Miroslav
We could describe the relation of Rádl to Masaryk like an attempt to speculate independently about theoretic suggestions of Masaryk. There are also important differences between their conceptions of idias. They differ in their outlook on Hume´s skepticism, in the conception of the human role in the history, in the approach to the relation of Czechs and Germans, nation, nationality and state.
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