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Development of musical activities in children of younger school age
PTÁČNÍKOVÁ, Marie
The work is concerned with the development of musical activities in children of primary school. This bachelor thesis contains the psychological development of the child, auditory perception, vocal system, introduces us to the basic concepts of music theory, defines the concept of musicality, it introduces us to how music education affects the child's health. Finally, this thesis also offers examples of suitable musical activities for children of this age that can be used in music lessons.
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Investigation of cross-country differences in student performance in standardized tests: the role of modern and traditional teaching methods
Ptáčníková, Marie ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Bauer, Michal (referee)
There is an ongoing debate about what teaching practices are the most effective ones in order to improve student performance. However, little is known about the impact across countries and literature is highly inconclusive. In this work, we extend the portfolio of countries and provide evidence about the role of modern and traditional teaching practices on students' test scores in 43 countries. Our analysis is performed in two steps and is a typical example of hierarchical linear modelling (HLM). In the first step, we perform student fixed effect method to account for majority of selection issues. We identify a positive, negative or no effect of modern or traditional teaching methods on student performance. These results are priceless for policy makers suggesting that there is no one-fits-all-approach towards modern or traditional teaching methods to order to improve students' test scores. As a great variation is observed, we continue further and investigate what country characteristics could explain these differences across countries. Bayesian model averaging (BMA) method supports us in a model uncertainty and a particular variable selection. Our findings indicate that cultural dimension uncertainty avoidance, which describes country's rigidity in behaviour and institutions, assists in explaining...
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Occupational regulation and its influence on the labor market: evidence from reforms in the Czech Republic
Ptáčníková, Marie ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Gok, Ugur (referee)
This thesis examines the impact of a 2004 reform that increased educational requirements for a regulated profession, namely nurses, on earnings level for both waged and salaried employees, and employment within nurse profession in the Czech Republic. Recently, a reform in the opposite direction regarding educational requirements for general nurses is in the approval process. It makes this analysis relevant. Similar country-based studies contracted by the European Commission regarding occupational regulation show mixed results, what additionally motivates this study. To identify effects of the reform a linear probability model and a difference-in-differences analysis were used. Empirical results suggest a negative effect on nurses' salaries with respect to doctors. In the case of wages, the effect appears to be fluctuating. As for the employment, a decrease in the probability of pursuing a nurse profession was identified for the years following the reform, but mostly insignificant. In general, this thesis shows that the reform had slightly negative short-term effect on nurses' earnings and employment levels. Due to few after-reform yearly observations it is challenging to make long-term conclusions.
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