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Ivan Il'in's Concept of National Idea
Zemánek, Ladislav ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
The thesis deals with the Russian thinker I. A. Il'in's lifework putting emphasis on social and political philosophy. In consideration of the coherence of all his lifework the thesis is also dedicated to Il'in's metaphysics, epistemology and moral philosophy interpretation and his philosophical method description. Il'in's concept of the Russian "national idea" and its position in the context of the thinker's philosophical system are analysed as well. The analysis of this concept is to indicate to what extend it could be of universal nature having a potentiality for general application. The thesis focuses on problems that have not been discussed in the Czech literature yet, although being topical, including Il'in's criticism of totalitarianism and Western democracy model, his specific conception of nationalism or emphasis on the legal consciousness and the legal state.
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A. I. Herzen's concept of Russia
Kožíšková, Lenka ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
The thesis focuses on different conceptions of Russia developed throughout the philosophical- journalistic and prose works of an eminent Russian thinker of the 19th century - Alexander Herzen, who had lived and worked in Russia and later on continued his work as emigrant elsewhere in Europe. Applying E. Said's Orientalism, I. Buruma's and A. Margalit's Occidentalism, and A. Etkind's internal colonization, a representative sample of Hezen's work has been analyzed to embrace the changes of the author's perception of Russia. In particular, Etkind's concept is used to bridge the divergence between a conventional understanding of Orientalism directed upon Middle East and the canonical texts of the Russian 19th century (pre-revolutionary) intelligentsia. Herzen's work has been thus situated within the context of postcolonial studies. The analysis studies the images and scenes used by Herzen to build up his ideas and understandings of Russia and Europe, or more precisely his constructions of East and West, indirectly intertwined with the social characteristics of Russia and his various conceptions, including the imaginary role of Russian intelligentsia and the author's own role in Russia and Europe.
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Philosophical Work of Nikolai Lossky
Haicl, Matouš ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Filová, Simona (referee)
This thesis presents the philosophical system of Nikolai Lossky. The thesis includes basic Lossky's biographical data and the philosophical system itself is interpreted from the point of view of three philosophical fields - gnoseology, metaphysics and ethics. Lossky was conceiving his system progressively with an emphasis on its inner interconnection. Firstly he formulated his study of intuition, by which he entered a dialogue with the European tradition because of his new concept of human cognition. Afterwards he postulated the dichotomy of two spheres of the world - the kingdom of God and the kingdom of dissension. A human being stands between these two worlds and theirs life mission is to find a way back to God. In the end there are presented some of the applications of Lossky's basic theses in a few shorter works and there is also a valuation of Lossky's contribution for today's philosophical tradition and possible perspectives of development of his thoughts.
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Scientific Work of A. V. Florovsky in Prague
Dopitová, Nikola ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Jančárková, Julie (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to present the academic findings of a Russian historian - emigrant Antonij Vasiljevic Florovsky who lived and worked in Prague in the second half of his life. The focus is the analysis of his writings, especially the topic of Czech- Russian relations. The first chapter introduces his life before emigrating, followed by his time in Czechoslovakia. The second chapter focuses on the writings of this eminent historian, with the introduction of his work followed by three analyses of selected pieces concerning Czech- Russian relations. Keywords: Russian emigration, Russian historians, history of science, A. V. Florovsky, Czech-Russian relations
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Lev Gumil'ëv's Philosophy of History
Šmejkal, Jiří ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis is dedicated to philosophy of history of Lev Nikolaevich Gumilev and to his so called theory of ethnogenesis and passionarity. At the beginning I will concisely introduce work and life of this thinker and afterwards I am going to focus on incentives that preceded the main theory of L. N. Gumilev. I will also shortly introduce the Eurasian movement. Main part of this work will deal with theory of ethnogenesis and its application on history of nations.
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Russian-Greek Relations in the 19th Century. Ioannis Kapodistrias
Palečková, Kateřina ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
(in English): This thesis focuses on the Russian-Greek relations in the 19th century, with emphasis Ioannis Kapodistria on personality. It is divided into four thematic units. The first outlines the creation of the first Greek state in modern history. Kapodistria is devoted to another part, which is introduced by his life in the period when he worked in Russia. Next the Greek War of Independence and the epoch when Ioannis Kapodistria became the first president of Greece. The work emphasizes Ioannis Kapodistria very little known personality in the czech environment and focuses on his work in the russian diplomatic service. Key words (in English): Ioannis Kapodistria, russian-greek relations, russian diplomacy, formation of the modern Greek state
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Jewish Theme in the Work of Populist Writers
Getta, Mariia ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to process the Jewish theme in the creation of selected Populist writers, emphasis, analyze anti-Jewish sentiment and define its basic causes. For this thesis were selected stories that deal with the topic of Jewishness and that also became a good illustration of anti- Jewish sentiments of the 19th century in the Russian Empire. The first chapter defines the concept of Populism and Populist literature and then briefly outlines the position of Jews in Czarist Russia in the 19th century. The core of the thesis is an analysis of selected works of writers of Populist tradition (G. I. Uspensky, V. G. Korolenko, G. A. Machtet) with regard to the topic of Jewishness, especially on the subject of pogroms and on the coexistence of Jews and Christians. Keywords: Populism, Jewish question, Russian literature, Pogroms, Anti-Semitism, Pale of settlement, Jews
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Slavophilism and Slavophil paradigm in Russian philosophy of the 19th century.
Nykl, Hanuš ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (advisor)
Mgr. Hanuš NYKL, Ph.D. Slavophilism and Slavophil paradigm in Russian philosophy of the 19th century Abstract The PhDr. dissertation concerns position of the Slavophilism within Russian philosophy of the 19th century. The Slavophil phenomenon is critically analyzed and main principles of most significant theoreticians such as A. Khomiakov and I. Kireevsky are described. The Slavophilism is characterized as specific intellectual paradigm based on three major grounds - organic wholeness concept, religion as a basic factor and autonomy of entities. It shows following evolution of this paradigm in Russian mind of the 19th century in case of A. Grigoriev, N. Strakhov, N. Danilevsky, K. Leontiev and V. Soloviev. The other existence of the paradigm in other development of Russian mind is pointed out.
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Woman characters in I. A. Goncharov's works
Slobodová, Dana ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Kosáková, Hana (referee)
This paper focuses on the main woman characters in the novels of I. A. Goncharov A Common story, Oblomov and The Precipice. The aim is to analyze relationships between their heroines and other characters and to examine how these relationships subsequently form them. It shows that the attention payed to these processes is at least the same as the attention payed to the male characters (who are formally the main protagonists of the novels) and that they are in no way less interesting. We can also notice apparently repeated schemes, however, in each case they are modified in some way. The author always comes with a slightly different, new approach and thus we can say that although they may look similar from the outside, each Gontcharov's heroine is as unique as the setting which forms her. Keywords: literary characters, woman characters, classical Russian literature, Ivan Goncharov, A Common story, Oblomov, The Precipice
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