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Quaternary evolution of horses in CR
Rákosová, Veronika ; Mazuch, Martin (advisor) ; Nývltová Fišáková, Miriam (referee)
Large family of Equidae is one of the most explored species of big mammals of the last geological periods. However, its research is focused primary on the early species and their evolution. Holocenic and especially pleistocenic horses are researched poorly although they are important for quartenary paleoecologic reconstructions. The youngest ancestors of modern horses have had big role in formalization of up-to-date breeds which are worldwide expanded, except Antarctica, despite of fact that their wild forms has become extinct.
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Development of the mammal assemblages during Quaternary climatic changes
Havlová, Tereza ; Mazuch, Martin (advisor) ; Nývltová Fišáková, Miriam (referee)
During the Quaternary there was a cyclical alternation of warm and cold periods - interglacials and glacials. Over the past 2.5 million years there was eighteen or twenty these cycles. These climate changes influenced by, except other, Milankovic cycles caused at sea level, extent of glaciation or distribution of vegetation zones. All these factors affected the communities of mammals, their distribution, migration and extinction of some groups of mammals. Area of continental and mountain glaciers expanded as well as levels of the ocean decreased during the glacials. Many species of mammals penetrated into new territory with the emergence of land-bridges a mammals from isolated areas could interact during cold periods. There was a retreat of glaciers and sea level rise and the migration routes through the land bridges was interrupted during the interglacials. Many, mostly island, populations were isolated and they were often developed to new endemic species. Key words: glacial, interglacial, climate changes, distribution, migration, extinction
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Review of the pleistocene representatives of the family Rhinoceroses (Rhinocerotidae, Mammalia) in Czech Republic
Pícha, Štěpán ; Mazuch, Martin (advisor) ; Nývltová Fišáková, Miriam (referee)
In Bohemia is 1016 samples belonging to Pleistocen rhinos. In total, there are three species Stephanorhinus etruscus, Stephanorhinus kirchbergensis and Coelodonta antiquitatis. Coelodonta antiquitatis in the records completely dominates and is represented in virtually the entire skeleton, including the relatively large number of skulls and a complete skeleton. Other two species is represented only the teeth. On skulls Coelodonta antiquitatis was counting scale coefficient, which indicates monotype of skull. The research group is the most significant transitional variant with broad skull variant. Slender variant is represented only once. When photographing samples of the records I found two interesting pathology, which are further discussed in the text.
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Development of the mammal assemblages during Quaternary climatic changes
Havlová, Tereza ; Mazuch, Martin (advisor) ; Nývltová Fišáková, Miriam (referee)
During the Quaternary there was a cyclical alternation of warm and cold periods - interglacials and glacials. Over the past 2.5 million years there was eighteen or twenty these cycles. These climate changes influenced by, except other, Milankovic cycles caused at sea level, extent of glaciation or distribution of vegetation zones. All these factors affected the communities of mammals, their distribution, migration and extinction of some groups of mammals. Area of continental and mountain glaciers expanded as well as levels of the ocean decreased during the glacials. Many species of mammals penetrated into new territory with the emergence of land-bridges a mammals from isolated areas could interact during cold periods. There was a retreat of glaciers and sea level rise and the migration routes through the land bridges was interrupted during the interglacials. Many, mostly island, populations were isolated and they were often developed to new endemic species. Key words: glacial, interglacial, climate changes, distribution, migration, extinction
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Quaternary evolution of horses in CR
Rákosová, Veronika ; Mazuch, Martin (advisor) ; Nývltová Fišáková, Miriam (referee)
Large family of Equidae is one of the most explored species of big mammals of the last geological periods. However, its research is focused primary on the early species and their evolution. Holocenic and especially pleistocenic horses are researched poorly although they are important for quartenary paleoecologic reconstructions. The youngest ancestors of modern horses have had big role in formalization of up-to-date breeds which are worldwide expanded, except Antarctica, despite of fact that their wild forms has become extinct.
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Reconstruction possibilities of Brno 2 shaman burial. A palaeoethnological study
Balák, L. ; Nývltová Fišáková, Miriam ; Škrdla, Petr
Alexander Makowski discovered Brno 2 grave on current Francouzská street during a sewage building in 1891. He published a list of finds with basic description of their position within the grave next year. Unfortunately, no plan nor sketch was published, what causing reconstruction attempt more difficult. Althought thje material from this burial was several times reanalysed, no scientific reconstruction of burial situacion were made. Therefore, with the 120 anniversary of the dicovery, we present basic ideas for burial recosntruction.
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Study of skeletal residues degradation using infrared spektroskoscopy
Vitešníková, A ; Prokeš, L. ; Nývltová Fišáková, Miriam ; Drozdová, E. ; Kouřil, Pavel ; Stabrava, Pavel ; Gryc, Jana
Infrared spectroscopy is one of the most frequent method used for identi'cation of various materials. Method was used in this study for characterisation of postmortal degradation of skeletal residues. An Essentials importance for preservation or degradation of bone tissue have the qualities of surrounding soil – mainly pH level and humidity. In acidic surroundings the mineral composition of bone – hydroxyapatite Ca5(PO4)3OH is gradually melt, which can 'nally eventuate in decalci'cation of bone tissue. Another result of the acidic environment is recrystalization of hydroxyapatite into the other mineral called bruslit (CaHPO4 . 2 H2O). Brushit occurence was approved in bones of Dietrichstein family members, who were buried in a family crypt in Mikulov. A speci'c factor in.uencing degradation of bones is high temperature. FTIR spectroscopy can be used to dif- ferentiate between burnt or unburnt bones and thanks to this method the temperature of cremation and the burning conditions can be successfully estimated. Bone residues coming from the necropolis in Přibor (the Bronz Age, the Iron Age) and also animal residues from Chotěbuz-Podo- bora were analysed.
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Burial rite of hunter DV 16 from paleontology and palaeoethnology point view
Nývltová Fišáková, Miriam ; Sázelová, S.
During the archaeological research, which was made at the locality Dolní Věstonice was uncovered a recessed hut. Compared to the rest of settlement the animals from this object are remarkably distinguishing. The bones of foxes, hares and wolves are closely concetrated to each other, so it seems that they were mostly in the anatomic position and that they are belonging to one individual. In addition these bones are constituing noticeable accumulations around the body of deceased. All animals were hunted in the early spring (February-April), which is resulting from the analysis of the seasonal increaments of the cementum on the roots of teeth. It seems that these animals were probably given to the deceased man, so they could indirectly show the time period of the hunter’s burial.
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