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The effect of nutrition education on type 1 diabetes control
Křesáková, Nikola ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Mikeš, Ondřej (referee)
Introduction: The global prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is increasing, and despite the availability of new and modern treatments, especially in the field of modern technology, it is difficult to achieve optimal diabetes control in many patients. Properly guided and individualized education in insulin therapy, regimen measures and self- monitoring is now considered an essential part of successful treatment of every patient with diabetes. Objective: The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of nutrition education on DM1 compensation using available and collected parameters (HbA1c, TIR, TBR, coefficient of variation, mean glycaemia) and body weight. Method: The study was conducted in a total of 40 selected patients with DM1 of the Diabetology Centre of the 3rd Internal Medicine Clinic of the VFN Prague, who underwent education in the outpatient clinic of a nutritional therapist between January 2020 and January 2022. The effect of nutritional education on parameters of diabetes compensation over a 12-month period was subsequently examined by retrospective analysis. Results: After 12 months, there was a significant improvement in the parameters measured. TIR increased (68 ± 15 % vs. 75 ± 15 %; p<0.0001), other parameters showed a positive decrease - HbA1c (57 ± 11 mmol/mol vs. 50...
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Education of diabetes mellitus type 1 patients about carbohydrates calculation
Hanzlíčková, Květa ; Flekač, Milan (advisor) ; Mikeš, Ondřej (referee)
Introduction Many patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) do not have consistently satisfactory glycaemic control. This may be associated with inadequate education of patients about diet, carbohydrate counting, and insulin dose adjustment based on their carbohydrate intake. Goals My paper aims to survey the awareness, motivation and daily routines of type 1 DM patients and to assess the adequacy of their knowledge in this area. Methods used I conducted the research using anonymous questionnaires designed for type 1 DM patients in two different groups. The first group consisted of patients from a diabetological outpatient clinic in Kutná Hora. The questionnaire in paper form was distributed only to patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. The second group consisted of members of groups on social media (Facebook). There were 424 responses in the form of electronic questionnaires. Results The main outcome of this study is the finding that 72 % of patients are not regularly re-educated. Another important finding is that 63 % of respondents do not count the amount of carbohydrates in their food and are confident in their estimates despite the fact that there was considerable variance in the answers to questions regarding the amount of carbohydrates. Conclusion Although most patients...
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Influence of education on diet adjustment and composition in obese patients without diabetes mellitus and with diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
Filipová, Tereza ; Vařeka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Mikeš, Ondřej (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the connection between incorrectly adjusted nutrition, obesity and the values of glycemia and glycated hemoglobin. Aim: The aim of this thesis is to confirm the effect of nutritional education on diet modification, and thus on weight reduction and body composition adjustment in obese individuals with diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and without diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Methods: For the purposes of the research were selected clients of Centrum výživy s.r.o. situated in Prague 2 with overweight or obesity. The total research group consisted of 42 probands, 32 women and 10 men. All of them were older than 18 years have BMI above 24,9 kg/m2 . Initially, all probands were subjected to bioelectrical impedance analysis on a Tanita BC-418 MA to analyse body composition and actual body weight. Subsequently, the waist circumference was measured with 150 cm long tape. Laboratory testing was performed on all probands. During the 60-minute long consultation were discussed probands current eating habits and their current healt situation, physical acitivity and prefered foods were obtained using a questionnaire survey. Based on this informations were made nutrition recommendations for each of the probands, which he has to follow for next 6 moths. Once a month were performer...
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Effect of body composition on resting metabolic rate in obese patients
Staňová, Alžběta ; Sadílková, Aneta (advisor) ; Mikeš, Ondřej (referee)
Introduction: Changes in eating habits and incorporation of physical activities remain to be the main methods in treating obesity. To set an adequate calorie intake, which would lead to weight loss, it is necessary to determine energy needs of an individual. For that energy intake and energy expenditure need to be determinate. However, energy expenditure is difficult to determine since it is contributed of three components. Basal, respectively resting metabolic rate (RMR), which is affected by a body composition, has the greatest influence on a total energy expenditure. Indirect calorimetry (IC) is considered to be a gold standard to determine RMR. When RMR is calculated by prediction equations instead, such as Harris-Benedict (H-B) equation, energy needs are overestimate or underestimate for people with abnormal body composition. Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyse data of RMR obtained using IC in connection to body composition. The main aim is to determine how fat free mas (FFM) and fat mass (FM) are affecting RMR in obese patients. There is also a comparation of RMR measured by the IC and RMR calculated using H-B equation as a part of this study, while IC is considered to be a reference method. Methods: Patients new to ambulance of obesitology at General University Hospital in Prague...
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The results of three months reduction programs with on-line monitoring physical activity and diet
Kurtzová, Drahomíra ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Mikeš, Ondřej (referee)
The obesity is a main factor in expansions of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes type 2, musculoskeletal diseases and some of the tumour illnesses. Study is dealing with the effect of movement activities during 3-months individual program on body mass reduction and changes of composition in human body. The program was held in VSTJ Medicina Praha, z.s. from April 2018 to January 2019. Included the group of 37 participants. Only 19 of them completed the program. This group undertook the body analysis, using bioimpedant machine "Tantia MC-780 MA". Components of evaluation were body mass, BMI and body fat in kg and %. In application "Time for Health" nutritional Intervention diet was monitored and evaluated during consultations. Physical activity using Pedometer "Garmin Vivofit" was recorded as a number of steps. Aim of this study was to obtain a collection data of changes in the body mass and body composition of the participants, based on input and output analysis as well as other biological parameters. Comparison of the compliance and program was based on recorded number of diet days. Statistically important differences between input and output data were compared and average decrease in body mass was 3.5 kg (SD ± 3.22), body fat 2.3 kg (SD ± 2.63) and BMI 1.17 kg (SD ±1.11). On average participants...
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Dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Nováková, Veronika ; Flekač, Milan (advisor) ; Mikeš, Ondřej (referee)
This thesis deals with dietary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The first chapters of the thesis deal with general information about diabetes mellitus. The chapters focus on the classification, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, complications, diagnostics of diabetes mellitus and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The subsequent chapters describe prediabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome. The conclusion of the theoretical section is devoted to the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevention is focused on non-pharmacological measures with an emphasis on dietary influences. The practical part is based on anonymous quantitative research in the form of an Internet quastionaire survey, which focuses on the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The main goal was to find out about the public's awareness of dietary effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus. The secondary objectives examine the awareness of the worlwide increase of diabetics and whether the respondents consider sugar to be the cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus and attach greater importance to healthy lifestyle or pharmacological measures in prevention. The survey results relating to dietary influences were not very satisfactory and respondents' poor awareness regarding prevention was reflected, for example in...
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Source apportionment of PAH in middle Europe
Lhotka, Radek ; Zíková, Naděžda (advisor) ; Mikeš, Ondřej (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the determination of sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the changes in the PAH concentrations during the last 11 years, from 2006 to 2016. The data were sampled at National Atmospheric Observatory in Košetice, a representative station for the Central European Region. Multidimensional statistical methods as Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), conditional bivariate probability function (CBPF), and Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) were used for data analyses. In the first part, the changes in concentrations of the four specific PAH, Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), Fluoranthene (FLA), the sums of all the PAH (SUMA), and the Toxical Equivalent (TEQ) was studied. The highest concentration of all four specific PAH was detected at the beginning of the studied period. The immission limit for BaP was not exceeded. Statistically significant decreasing trend for BaP, TEQ, and SUMA PAH was identified. Second part of the thesis studied the PAH source apportionment. The study proved that the station was strongly influenced by the local domestic heating on one hand, and long-distance transportation from the west, and specifically from the northwest on the other hand. The influence of long-distance transport has an increasing trend over time, vice-versa for the...
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Vending machines in schools and their influence on the dietary habits of pupils 2nd grade of primary school
Broumská, Petra ; Hnilicová, Helena (advisor) ; Mikeš, Ondřej (referee)
This study is oriented on the issue of the offering of food machines and buffets in the area of primaty schools. It is focused on the influence of the offering on eating habits of pupils 2nd grade of primary school. To comparison it gives the eating habits and whole lifestyle of children from majority population on one side and from gypsy families from socially excluded localities on the other side. The essential act in Czech Republic was the so called "Candy regulation" in 2016, which gives standards for food and drinks which are allowed to be offered in schools. The goal of this bachelor study is to describe eating habits of 8 and 9th grade pupils in Chomutov region and to find out how important the food machines and buffets in schools are for the lifestyle of kids. The specifics of eating habits of gypsy population from socially excluded localities are given to the context. For the research was used a questionnaire made specially for purposes of the bachelor study. The questionnaire was filled in by pupils of 8 and 9th grade pupils in Chomutov region. Respondents were from different schools which are compared in the study. It was found out, that despite the "Candy regulation" forbidden foods can still be found in schools. This was noticed in schools with bigger amount of gypsy pupils. It was...
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Long-term effects of short-term low calorie and very low calorie diets
Čmerdová, Kristýna ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Mikeš, Ondřej (referee)
Starting points: LCD and VLCD are one of the possibilities, which can be used when battling obesity. They are not however advised separately. There must always be present another form of treatment. What follows is either bariatric treatment, or a home reduction plan in cooperation with a nutrition therapist. LCD or VLCD should always be under the supervision of a doctor. Goals: To, in detail, describe a complex of patients, who were on weight reduction hospital stay (later only WRHS), as a foundation of a statistical analysis of dynamic changes concerning the reasoning of LCD and VLCD hospitalization, basic anthropometric data and deduce the short and long-term effect of WRHS with LCD and VLCD. Methods: Entry data were collected retroactively from hospital records of patients who were hospitalized for reduction of weight in the years 2014-2015 in inpatient ward D3 of the third Internal clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague (Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice v Praze). This data was statistically processed and its results discussed and charted in this paper. Main results: The most common reasoning for WRHS was sole reduction of weight; next was bariatric operation after WRHS. Patients who didn't undergo bariatric operation within a year of their 1.st WRHS, and their weight after one year is...
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Influence of cultivation conditions relating to climatic change on the selected polyphenol content in grapevine plants
Tříska, Jan ; Balík, J. ; Vrchotová, Naděžda ; Mikeš, O.
Winegrowing is highly climate sensitive. Even small changes in temperature could have big impacts on the whole industry. Because of the relatively high crop value, many growers can aff ord to invest in adaptation resources that might not be feasible for less valuable crops. Th ere are two basic types of response to climate change: working to adapt to or manage the impacts experienced, and trying to prevent or minimize further change (mitigation). Th ese are not mutually exclusive, and in fact, both are increasingly regarded as necessary. In our contribution we will discuss the eff ects of drought, irrigation and cultivation in greenhouses in comparison to cultivation in vineyards on the content of trans-piceid and trans-resveratrol in white and blue varieties of Vitis vinifera plants.
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