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The effect of a weight loss on bone and energy metabolism in premenopausal women with obesity
Malinová, Pavlína ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
Introduction: Current findings show that obesity may not only have a protective effect in terms of the osteoporosis development. Although higher mechanical load on bones in obese people increases bone mass density, inflammatory cytokines produced by adipose tissue, on the contrary, increase bone resorption. The reduction of body weight itself can contribute to the deterioration of the quality of bone mass. Aim: The main aim of the study was to evaluate changes in BMD and selected parameters of body composition during a 2-month strict very low-calorie diet (VLCD) and a subsequent 4-month low-calorie diet (LCD) in premenopausal women with obesity. Methods: The study was carried out at the workplaces of the III. Internal Clinic of the General University Hospital in Prague and the Institute of Endocrinology in Prague. Data were collected in the period from April 2021 to May 2023. 11 patients participated in the study with dietary intervention, data was processed from 10 of them. The average age was 44.1 ± 9.3 years, the average weight was 94 ± 10.4 kg. The control group consisted of 14 patients, 10 of them were included in the study. The average age in the control group was 40.7 ± 6.4 years, the average weight was 64.4 ± 7.5 kg. Patients of the intervention group were given a very low-calorie diet with...
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Nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis
Šimková, Simona ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
This diploma focuses on the topic of nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis. The thesis is divided in two parts. In the first part, the theoretical part I focus on osteoporosis as the definition of the disease, epidemiology and etiology. Clinical manifestations of the disease, methods of diagnosis and treatment are also mentioned. An important part of the thesis is a description of the risk factors and especially the specification of the nutritional aspects of osteoporosis. The nutrients which are connected or could be connected to the disease are also described. Additionally, the influence of physical activity and smoking is mentioned. The last part is focused on the evaluation of the nutritional status. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the nutrition status of patients with osteoporosis. Few steps were carried out to achieve the target of the thesis. First, the theoretical part was written according to the published bibliography, then the research was performed. The research was attended by 60 women patients from osteological ambulatory in Prague and České Budějovice. The research has several parts that are consequently evaluated. Specifically, a short questionnaire concentrating on the intake of calcium or movement activity of the respondents was made. Another part was a frequency...
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The diet calcium intake among adolescent girls in aerobic gymnastics
Kudláčková, Tereza ; Raška, Ivan (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
Nutrition with sufficient content of calcium is important for optimal growth and development of the skeleton. Insufficient intake of this mineral during adolescence can have negative effects on bone in the form of not reaching the peak bone mass, the amount of which formed at this time subsequently affects the health of bones during the rest of life. For girls doing aerobic gymnastics, bone health can also be compromised by other factors related to the risks of this aesthetic sport. The main goals of this thesis were to determine the daily dietary calcium intake and the awareness of the importance of calcium in the diet of girls doing aerobic gymnastics. For the research of the girls' knowledge an electronic questionnaire was used and it was completed by 92 respondents at the age of 12-18 years across performance categories of aerobic gymnastics. Based on the answered questions, it was found that the respondents' knowledge of this issue is unsatisfying. To determine the amount of calcium ingested by diet, 4-6 days diets were written by 11 members of aerobic gymnastics representation. After calculation of these diets, the insufficient daily intake of dietary calcium was found and it averaged about half of the recommended values. From the analysis of the diets it was also found out, that the girls...
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The effect of metabolic surgery in obese patients to calcium-phosphate metabolism and serum concentrations of some micronutrients
Černá, Martina ; Raška, Ivan (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
This thesis focuse on bariatric-metabolic surgery and its impact on serum concentrations of various metabolic parameters. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. Basic facts about bariatric-metabolic surgery such as its history, indications, contraindications, surgical methods and their results, nutrition after surgery and the frequency of micronutrient's deficits are described in the theoretical part. Furthermore, information about calcium-phosphate metabolism and metabolites such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, vitamin K, parathyroid hormone and osteomarkers is also included. The influence of nutrition and nutritional status on the quality of bone tissue is also mentioned. Last section of the theoretical part is focused on the important vitamins and minerals. The practical part discusses measurements of selected metabolites in serum before and half a year after the surgery. Results of questionnaires which were given to respondents are also included. Questionnaires were focused on lifestyle, nutrition, physical activities and whether the patients take some supplements of micronutrients and protein concentrates. The goal of this work is to evaluate the effect of the surgery on serum concentrations of metabolic parameters and their effect on the health and...
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Nutrition and Bone Density of Patients of Osteocentre, 3rd Medical Department, General Faculty Hospital in Prague.
Staroveská, Natálie ; Raška, Ivan (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
This thesis deals with the relationship between bone quality and lifestyle factors with a focus on nutrition, tobacco use, alcohol consumption and physical activity. The theoretical part of the thesis presents general knowledge about bones, their composition, structure, bone division, growth and development of bones. The next two chapters describe the process of bone remodeling and calcium- phosphate metabolism. The work describes in detail the factors influencing the quality of bone mass, especially those that can be affected, such as the use of tobacco products, alcohol, some drugs and sufficient physical activity. A separate chapter is devoted to the influence of diet on the quality of bone mass. The most common disorders of calcium-phosphate metabolism and their treatment are described as well. The last chapter of the practical part is devoted to the examination of bone metabolism. The aim of the practical part of the diploma thesis was to examine the eating habits and other components of the lifestyle (smoking, physical activity, etc.) of patients of Osteocentre, 3rd Medical Department, General Faculty Hospital in Prague and to find out how these components correlate with the results of densitometric examination of the patients. Data collection was ensured by means of a questionnaire survey,...
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Risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women after successful surgical intervention for primary hyperparathyroidism: nutritional factors
Vokounová, Kateřina ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a chronical systemic metabolic disease of bone tissue, which is manifested by a decrease in the amount of bone mass and/or a decrease in its quality and may result in a fracture. Fractures are also common for primary hyperparathyroidism due to increased parathyroid hormone secretion. Surgical treatment will help increase bone density in most cases, nevertheless emphasis is placed on reducing risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures. Objective: Purpose of this thesis is to map the nutrition condition with focus on calcium and protein intake of postmenopausal women after successful surgical intervention for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT group), and to evaluate the results in relation with osteoporosis and fractures. Methods: Nutritional status was assessed using questionnaires of eating habits and analysis of three-day menus. Intakes of energy, protein, fat, sugar, fiber, free sugar, vitamin C, sodium, calcium nad phosphorus intake were calculated using Nutriservis PROFI program (and other nutritional databases). The degree of vitamin D saturation was obtained from serum calcidiol concentrations. Body composition and bone mineral density parametres were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Nutritional analysis of diets showed no statically...
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Calcium intake in the diet of profesional golfers
Chlubnová, Kateřina ; Raška, Ivan (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the intake of calcium within the nutrition of professional golfers. The group of examined individuals involves people aged 18 to 66 years old. The theoretical part describes the basic functions of calcium within an organism, its metabolism, food source, recommended daily intake and diseases related to calcium deficiency. Thetheoretical part also deals with golf, describes this sport from its history to the golf swing and strain of individual parts of human body. It refers to unilateral strain during the finish in golf swing, that is fatal mostly to lumbar spine. Due to the physical strain that golf causes, it is necessary to warm up the body properly before physical activity and mainly ensure sufficent nutrient intake to which calcium mainly belongs out of the group of micronutrients. The practical part involves a survey undertaken by means quantitative questionnaire survey, with its purpose to find out the food consumption with higher calcium content within the chosen target group, that comprises of professional golfers visiting the Golf Club Hostivař in Prague. The results are evaluated using graphs and are compared to recommended daily intake of calcium.
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Nutrition of fitness center clients with a particular focus on protein and calcium intake
Figalová, Sandra ; Raška, Ivan (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
The subject of this dissertation pertains to the importance of the consumption of protein and calcium in the diet. The theoretical section is a comprehensive study of protein and calcium, detailing their composition and function, taking into consideration the essential nature of the nutrients in the human body. Sources of protein and calcium from both animals and plants are thoroughly examined. Special attention is given to factors and foods which influence the absorption of protein and calcium in the human body. Discussed is the relationship between the nutrients and the repercussions of their inappropriate proportions in our organism. The dissertation examines the correct amount of the nutrients, and illness and organ malfunction connected with the deficiency of protein and calcium. The practical section of the dissertation looks at the eating habits of the clients of a fitness club. In the world of fitness centres there is an abundance of dietary advice, the majority of which does not correspond to general nutritional recommendations, and as such can have a negative effect on health and well being. Quantitative research in the form of questionnaires focuses on the consumption of protein and calcium not just specific to members of fitness centres. Evaluated are the overall eating habits and...
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Nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis
Šimková, Simona ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
This diploma focuses on the topic of nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis. The thesis is divided in two parts. In the first part, the theoretical part I focus on osteoporosis as the definition of the disease, epidemiology and etiology. Clinical manifestations of the disease, methods of diagnosis and treatment are also mentioned. An important part of the thesis is a description of the risk factors and especially the specification of the nutritional aspects of osteoporosis. The nutrients which are connected or could be connected to the disease are also described. Additionally, the influence of physical activity and smoking is mentioned. The last part is focused on the evaluation of the nutritional status. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the nutrition status of patients with osteoporosis. Few steps were carried out to achieve the target of the thesis. First, the theoretical part was written according to the published bibliography, then the research was performed. The research was attended by 60 women patients from osteological ambulatory in Prague and České Budějovice. The research has several parts that are consequently evaluated. Specifically, a short questionnaire concentrating on the intake of calcium or movement activity of the respondents was made. Another part was a frequency...
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Calcium intake in the diet of VFN medical staff
Figalová, Sandra ; Raška, Ivan (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
This thesis deals with calcium as one of the most important micronutrients in our body. The theoretical part describes the basic functions of calcium in the human body and its metabolism. Further it concerns significant resources of calcium and diseases associated with its excess or deficiency. The theoretical part also deals with calcium homeostasis and the factors affecting it and recommended daily calcium intake for different age groups. The practical part of this thesis includes quantitative research of calcium intake in the diet of medical staff at the General University Hospital in Prague reviewed through included graphs. It concerns mainly the calcium intake in the diet of nurses of the 3rd Internal Clinic of General University Hospital in Prague. The observed dietary calcium intake among nurses is sufficient for 50% of them. The second half of the respondents, however, evidence the lack of micronutrients in their diet. The results found were compared then to the recommended daily allowances of calcium. The practical part also evaluated the overall awareness of nurses about calcium intake and the incidence of calcium in the diet which is unsatisfactory for most of them. Finally, besides the detailed results, this thesis presents recommendations that could lead to improvement of the above conclusions...
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