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Accumulation of Energy from Renewable Energy Sources
Heller, Ondřej ; Radil, Lukáš (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
The objective of the first part of master’s thesis is mapping the potential of various types of renewable sources in Europe and Czech Republic, especially solar energy, wind energy, water energy and biomass. There are described principals and ways of energy generation from these sources, brief overview of current technologies, and also their advantages and limitations. An important part is electric supply continuity from renewable sources, there are large differences and the resulting to restrictions on construction and connecting the units to the power system. In this work there are mentioned some impacts on network and rates of change of supply, some sources are also evaluated in terms of maximum power, that can be connected to the power system in our country. The conclusion of the first part is dedicated to energy storage technologies, which are suitable and usable for renewable sources, there are described their principals, properties, status of development and types of aplications, in which these technologies are used. This chapter also focusses on the price level of each technology. The second part of the thesis deals with 1 MWp on-grid photovoltaic power plant design. This design includes also the redox flow batteries accumulation, the first variant calculates on 24-hour steady energy supply, the second optimalized variant calculates on daily energy supply. There are the accumulation system costs estimated and also the payback period for the both variants. Additionally there is also determined minimum penalization for cost-effective operation. The last part is dedicated to changes of impact on the local grid and changes of system impacts, after the accumulation system is installed.
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Integration of Photovoltaic Power Plants in the Electricity System
Michl, Pavel ; Paar, Martin (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
The thesis discuses an integration of photovoltaic power stations to electric network. The first part describes connecting conditions of small sources to distribution system, including administrative requirements, feasibility study, and requirements to the energy meters, measuring, control devices, switching devices and protection. The second part is aimed to describe problems of the photovoltaic system. Solar radiation generating and reducing of its intensity incident upon the earth surface are described in this part. The quantum of produced electric power depends on climatic conditions in the fixed area, seasons, etc. This work also discusses the types of photovoltaic cells and their actual efficiency. Inverters are further important components of the photovoltaic system. The parameters of the inverters have a great influence on the total actual efficiency of the photovoltaic system. Different methods of the photovoltaic panels’ connection with the inverters and their advantages and disadvantages are also mentioned. The supporting structure of the photovoltaic panels and eventually transformer are further important components of photovoltaic system. The work also analyze the methods of connection of the photovoltaic power station to distributive low voltage and medium voltage network, electric energy accumulation and possibilities of the sale of produced electric energy. The large number of the connected photovoltaic power stations has negative influences to electric network. The third part contains the design of a photovoltaic power plant with a capacity of 516,24 kWp on the scoped area in southern Bohemia. The project documentation for the location where the power plant is designed is also made. It contains the design of photovoltaic panels, the design of the inverters to get an optimal power load. This part also contains a calculation of the photovoltaic system losses and the design of transformer and the cable junction calculation of the distributive system. The feasibility study of the power plant connected to distributive system is also conducted. Its delivery rate will be connected to the distribution point Řípov (110/22 kV). The calculation results show us that this photovoltaic power plant can be linked to the distribution system. The final part of this paper contains an economic estimate of the photovoltaic power plant operating and the calculation of the return. An Economic return is influenced by the wide range of values that affect the total return rate. The calculation of an operating economy is made for several variants. The return rate in refer to contemporary redemption price for 2010 with no consideration for a bank loan is 7 years. If we consider the bank loan it would be 12 years. The penetrative reduction of the redemption price is expected for 2011. Calculation works with the decline of 30 %. It would extend the rate of return to 11 years without a bank loan or to 22 years with the bank loan. The bank loan is considered to cover 80 % of the investment.
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Nuclear energetics in CR and in the world
Peroutka, Tomáš ; Bartošík, Tomáš (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
This work is about a basic principles of nuclear reaction, creation of nuclear reaction and its development. Here is also described contemporary status and its level of progression. The first part is about a history of nuclear energy – its beginnings and further progress. Next the work deals with a nuclear power stations, nuclear reactors etc. The other part of this work is based on a nuclear waste. Then, I will write about a future of nuclear energy. The last point is creating the enegetic conception of our country.
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Operational Evaluation of the Small Photovoltaic Power Plants Connected to the LV network
Černý, Jaroslav ; Mastný, Petr (referee) ; Orságová, Jaroslava (advisor)
The objective of this thesis is to perform practical measurements of two small photovoltaic power plants, compare the received results with a theoretical calculation, and evaluate how the two differ from each other. Measured data are divided into three groups. The first group evaluates an overall electric power production in the individual months and compares it with the theoretical presumption that is instrumental to a return of investment calculation. The second group shows us a development of electric power production during characteristic days. We can compare how an ideal day from the FVE production point of view looks like, in other words a sunny and clear-sky day, with the opposite case when it is cloudy and raining all day long. Another extreme is a rapid growth or a performance drop, which can happen in a pho-tovoltaic power plant and a time period when this situation can arise. The third group contains statistic data from the electric power production. They are processed in the form of histograms and polygons of production that graphically illustrate production decomposition into the individual months. These data can be instrumental to a decision making about the form of purchase, whether it is economical for us to use the so called green bonus or not.
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Wind power station with Savonius rotor for production of electric power
Klečka, Jiří ; Baxant, Petr (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
Using of wind energy belongs to one of the fastest developing segments in the power production from renewable resources, which also relates to new studies and development of different types of power stations and brings new ideas to small wind sources spheres too. Savonius rotor is included in these spheres as well. This thesis deals with a complete design, realization and trial measurement of single-step Savonius rotor model. Introduction part treats of basic division and rotor utilization. Design part includes the design as well rotor graphical documentation. In the following part there is data evaluation, which leads to comparison with theoretical calculations. The final part includes an examination of possible utilization of Savonius rotor for generation of electricity.
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Dispersed production and its influence on distribution network
Kácl, František ; Vybíralík, František (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with dispersed generation (production). The small electric power sources are connected into distribution networks. Types and principles of the small electric power sources are studied. The legislation framework concerning renewable energy sources utilization is described. These power plants have impact into distribution networks and therefore techniques for the source connection to distribution network are included in the thesis. The impact of the specific small source of electricity must be studied.
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Trigeneration and its use in practice
Čupera, Pavel ; Mastný, Petr (referee) ; Baxant, Petr (advisor)
e master's thesis clarifies the concept of trigeneration and the principle of absorbing cooling. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of this method of manufacture cool with compressor cooling. It presents an overview of the implementation of a developing cold absorption and performance. Acquainted with the types of absorption chillers of the two leading suppliers, their characteristics and existing applications of these refrigeration units in operation in the Czech Republic and abroad. It also assesses the possibility of using these units in conjunction with a cogeneration unit powered by internal combustion engine. It follows from the economic assessment of costs and income of the absorption chillers and compressor chillers and on concrete examples and an assessment of the effectiveness of the various options.
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Heating motherly school with heat pump and solar collectors with additional heating to the open air pool
Preclík, Vítězslav ; Krhovský, Bohumil (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
In 2007, in June the company Europrojekt entered the project with the requirement of the formulation and implementation of heating motherly school by heat pumps in the village Hluk. The projekt was ordered by the management of this motherly school. This is a total reconstruction of the heating system building motherly school, including the use of residual heat for heating the pool water in an open swimming pool, which is located near this motherly school. The requirement is also given to reduce environmental pollution and achieve energy savings. This diploma thesis solves the detailed description of solutions and calculations for each part. In first, the introductory part of the work is focused on getting the project, a description of the object motherly school and a proposal for the energy measure before the realization. Second section is devoted to the selection and design of the system of heat pumps and solar collectors. Next part of work is the use of the residual heat for heating the pool water in the transitional months, i.e. May, September and the main months June, July, and August, when should be the visit of the swimming pool the biggest. In addition, resolving heat recovery through plate exchangers, the calculation of storage tanks, valves insurance proposal, the expansion tank, circulation pumps, etc. The last part thesis addresses the energy and economic assessment of the whole project.
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Utilization of new water structure for production of electric energy
Šitina, Martin ; Vrabec, Jan (referee) ; Mastný, Petr (advisor)
This master thesis concerns on the utilization of new water structure for production of electric energy. The next part follows with description of the term small water power plant, the classification of small water power plants and description of their main components. The next steps decrypts the process of finding optimal location for development of small water power plant in the Eastern Bohemian region, including hydrological data, cadastral maps and the list of land owners in the potential location of my designed water power plant. Further on there is mentioned calculation and proposition their mechanical parts ( turbine and generator ) and appreciation investment effectiveness designed locations.
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