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Enzymatic detoxification of cyanide using cyanide hydratases
Sedova, Anastasia ; Rucká, Lenka ; Glozlová, Michaela ; Novotný, Petr ; Martínková, Ludmila ; Bojarová, Pavla
Cyanide, a strong chelator of metals in vital enzymes and proteins, is very toxic for most living organisms. Wastewaters from the mining, metallurgical and chemical industries contain significant concentrations of free cyanide. Though it can be largely eliminated by physicochemical methods, these processes may in turn lead to the formation of other waste. In addition, no effective methods have been found to neutralize cyanide spills coming from industrial accidents. The use of enzymes to remove cyanide is an attractive alternative, which is environmentally friendly and applicable to high cyanide concentrations. Cyanide hydratases (CynHs) are of considerable interest for the decomposition of hazardous cyanide wastes. Here we investigate the biochemical properties of new CynHs from Stereum hirsutum and Exidia glandulosa, it is of fundamental importance to preserve the enzyme activity at alkaline pH as cyanide waste is stored under these conditions.
Responses of Rhodococcus strains to heavy metal stress
Volf, Jan ; Štěpánek, Václav (advisor) ; Martínková, Ludmila (referee)
Increasing heavy metal pollution can be dealt with not only through physical and chemical decontamination processes but also utilizing microbial bioremediation, a much more environmentally friendly way. Members of genus Rhodococcus are suitable candidates for effective bioremediations of heavy metals due to their considerable adaptability and extreme resistance to different stress conditions, including those related to presence of heavy metals or their toxic compounds. Individual rhodococcal strains are more resistant to heavy metals than most of other microorganisms and they are capable of biotransformating them to less toxic forms or at least of accumulating effectively or adsorbing them on produced polysaccharides and specific surface active substances. Their bioremediation potential is very high even though, so far, only molecular mechanisms of rhodococcal resistances to toxic arsenic compounds have been studied more in detail.
Activities of oxidative enzymes in edible fungi of division Basidiomycota and their bioremediation potential
Smidová, Tatiana ; Martínková, Ludmila (advisor) ; Gabriel, Jiří (referee)
The topic of the thesis is the potential use of fungi of the phylum Basidiomycota for bioremediation. Various species of this phylum contain enzymes such as laccase or tyrosinase that can be useful for the environment management. The residual substrate after fungi cultivation can be an efficient source of these enzymes. New methods of enzymes extraction could lower the costs of their usage for bioremediation as well as increase their availability for the commercial use.
Study of function and molecular architecture of fungal nitrilases applicable in biocatalysis
Veselá, Alicja Barbara ; Martínková, Ludmila (advisor) ; Macek, Tomáš (referee) ; Teisinger, Jan (referee)
Nitrilases are enzymes which catalyze the hydrolysis of a nitrile into the corresponding carboxylic acid and ammonia. These enzymes are potentially applicable in biocatalysis and bioremediation because of their advantages over the conventional (chemical) methods of nitrile hydrolysis (lower demand for energy, safety, simplicity, high yields, selectivity). In this work, genome mining was used to search for the sequences of hypothetical nitrilases from filamentous fungi. The amino acid sequences of previously characterized fungal nitrilases were used as the templates. Then the new synthetic genes together with other genes from our nitrilase library were expressed in E. coli and the substrate specificities of the enzymes thus produced were compared. Significant attention was focused on the relationships between the sequence of the enzyme and its substrate specificity. The arylacetonitrilases from Arthroderma benhamiae (NitAb) and Nectria haematococca (NitNh) were purified and characterized. Their substrate specificities, kinetic parameters, pH and temperature profiles and subunit and holoenzyme size were assessed. NitAb and NitNh together with other recombinant fungal nitrilases were employed in the hydrolysis of high concentrations of (R,S)-mandelonitrile in a batch or fed-batch mode. Nitrilase from...

National Repository of Grey Literature : 28 records found   previous8 - 17nextend  jump to record:
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