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Left behind places and spatial aspects of elections: nativism, populism, and the geography of discontent
Suchánek, Jonáš ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Kostelecký, Tomáš (referee) ; Maškarinec, Pavel (referee)
The topic of migration has come to the forefront of the European media and political discourse following the refugee wave in 2015 and 2016, accompanied by mainstreamed anti-immigrant and nativist narratives. In the subsequent years, populist radical right parties in many countries reached their electoral peaks and after Donald Trump's victory in the 2016 presidential elections and the Brexit referendum, academic interest in studying populism surged intensely. One of the key conceptual approaches that contributed to the academic debate on exploring the causes of societal radicalization and polarization, as well as the resulting electoral manifestations, was the contextual understanding of specific peripheral areas through the lens of so-called left behind places and the geography of discontent. However, despite this contextual understanding of electoral processes, most studies rarely utilize modern spatial methods and the majority of such analyses primarily focus on the United States and countries in Western and Northern Europe. This dissertation thus introduces a comprehensive spatiotemporal analysis of the Czech (and Slovak) electoral environment at the detailed level of municipalities. This allows for verifying the validity of the given concepts that find application in other countries. In...
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Essays on political careers in the Czech Republic
Škvrňák, Michael ; Linek, Lukáš (advisor) ; Kouba, Karel (referee) ; Maškarinec, Pavel (referee)
This dissertation focuses on political careers in the Czech Republic. The in- troductory part of the dissertation presents several approaches for describing and explaining the development of political careers, ranging from the theory of rational choice through biographical approaches to an institutional view of the careers. After the theoretical introduction, four empirical chapters fol- low. They focus on particular aspects related to political careers. The first describes the candidate selection process in the Czech Pirate Party before the 2020 regional election and the 2021 parliamentary election and explains the success of individual nominees by their position within the party, personal at- tributes and political experience. This chapter uses the supply and demand model of candidate selection. The second empirical chapter focuses on local politics, specifically on the incumbency advantage. It shows that if a munici- pality publishes a municipal newsletter, incumbents, especially mayors, benefit from it. The following chapter focuses on coalition formation in Czech munici- palities, which is a process that determines which party will fill a mayor's office. The chapter shows that besides standard aspects of coalition formation, social capital of elected deputies plays a role in the process. In particular,...
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The effect of migration on electoral geography of populist-nationalist parties: the case of Freedom and Direct Democracy - Tomio Okamura party
Suchánek, Jonáš ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Maškarinec, Pavel (referee)
Analytical research of a migrant's presence in a certain location on election outcomes of populist-nationalist parties is a relatively new phenomena in the field of electoral geography. Media and political interest in migration and refugees has risen rapidly in the last few years and offers a broad opportunity for relevant scientific studies. This thesis stems from existing literature, that have studied such relation and focuses on the case of The Freedom and Direct Democracy - Tomio Okamura Party (SPD) and on the possible influence of the share of migrants on SPD's electoral support at two different scale levels (municipalities with authorized municipal offices and individual municipalities) during the 2017 parliamentary elections. Analysing the most important groups of migrants and additionally a formed group of migrants coming from countries with either dominant or significant Muslim native population can be considered as innovative. The main goal is to discover whether the election outcomes of SPD, which stands strongly opposed to migration, differ based on the share of migrants in a certain area, or if migration does not play any role at all. Furthermore, the electoral geography of SPD is compared to the of Tomio Okamura's former party - Dawn of Direct Democracy, whose rhetoric did not focus...
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Rhetorics and determinants of support for populist radical right parties in different socio-cultural environments: a comparison of the Czech Republic and Denmark
Koníček, Michal ; Lepič, Martin (advisor) ; Maškarinec, Pavel (referee)
This diploma thesis examines the suitability of generalization of the populist radical right parties (PRRP). In recent years, these parties have succeeded on the political scene of many European countries. Using the example of "new" Svoboda a přímá demokracie (SPD) political party and the established Danish People's Party (DF) it shows the differences in the party pre-election rhetoric and program, which are brought about by parties' age as well as by different historical developments in the respective countries. The historical context has affected contemporary political environment and, therefore, there are reasonable doubts about the generalization of the PRRPs. This is especially the case of post-communist countries, which, after years of oppression, had to go through a process of transformation that involved not only economic issues. This thesis is based on the Lipset's and Rokkan's cleavages theory, while it tries to confirm its existence in the given states, namely the economical, the religious, the center - periphery and the urban - rural cleavage. The inclusion of six tested factors in the analysis helps to do this. The multiple linear regression analysis tested which factors (the factors are socio-cultural, socio-economic, and demographic factors) have a statistically significant...
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The effect of migration on electoral geography of populist-nationalist parties: the case of Freedom and Direct Democracy - Tomio Okamura party
Suchánek, Jonáš ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Maškarinec, Pavel (referee)
Analytical research of a migrant's presence in a certain location on election outcomes of populist-nationalist parties is a relatively new phenomena in the field of electoral geography. Media and political interest in migration and refugees has risen rapidly in the last few years and offers a broad opportunity for relevant scientific studies. This thesis stems from existing literature, that have studied such relation and focuses on the case of The Freedom and Direct Democracy - Tomio Okamura Party (SPD) and on the possible influence of the share of migrants on SPD's electoral support at two different scale levels (municipalities with authorized municipal offices and individual municipalities) during the 2017 parliamentary elections. Analysing the most important groups of migrants and additionally a formed group of migrants coming from countries with either dominant or significant Muslim native population can be considered as innovative. The main goal is to discover whether the election outcomes of SPD, which stands strongly opposed to migration, differ based on the share of migrants in a certain area, or if migration does not play any role at all. Furthermore, the electoral geography of SPD is compared to the of Tomio Okamura's former party - Dawn of Direct Democracy, whose rhetoric did not focus...
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