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Interaction of chalcones with transition metals II.
Šulcová, Martina ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Phramacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Martina Šulcová Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Ing. Kateřina Macáková, Ph.D. Title of the diploma thesis: Interaction of chalcones with transition metals II. Copper is one of the essencial elements in human body which is involved in the functioning of many enzymes and metabolic pathways. Although it appears in trace amounts in the body, its functions are irreplaceable. However, the ion level must be kept in balance by the various mechanisms of the body. If there is an excess or deficiency of copper in the body, this condition can lead to the development of health issues. Chalcones are substances belonging to the group of flavonoids. Their polyphenolic structure does not have a closed ring C. Studies describe their anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, immunosuppressive and other properties. Chosen substances in the group of dihydrochalcones (naringin dihydrochalcone, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, phloretin, phlorizin) and chalcones (isoliquiritigenin, licochalcone A) were tested for their chelation and reduction activity of the copper ions in this diploma thesis. The activity was measured at different pH environments (7.5; 6.8; 5.5 and 4.5) and...
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Biological activity of macromycetes - A
Zvonková, Lenka ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
Zvonková, L. Biological activity of macromycetes - A. Charles University in Pragu, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 96 pp. Key words: mushrooms, compounds, free radicals, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), antioxidant activity, sequential injection analysis (SIA) Fourteen different mushrooms taxons (orders − Boletales, Pezizales, Polyporales and Russulales) were examined in this diploma thesis. Lyophiziled extracts were prepared under the precise set of conditions from the fruiting bodies and consequently used for recognition of compounds groups and for antioxidant activity detection. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used for the determination of compounds groups. This TLC process proceeded in ascending development in pre-saturated chambers. From TLC results it was detected that tested mushrooms extracts contained especially amino-acids, saccharides, carboxylic acids, phenolic substances, sterols, which corresponds with the available literature. Alkaloids were also detected, especially in Leccinum griseum (Quél.) Singer extract. Antioxidant activity was set using sequential injection analysis method (SIA), which is based on DPPH radical bleaching. This method is very suitable, due to its rapidness and sensitivity, for evaluation of multiplicity routine antioxidant activity screenings. The...
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Iron-chelating acitivity of selected alkaloids III.
Dočekalová, Linda ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Siatka, Tomáš (referee)
Dočekalová L., Iron-chelating activity of selected alkaloids III, Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical botanic and ecology, Hradec Králové, 2016, 60 pp. Iron is important trace element necessary for human organism. When excess it develops free radicals and structures of organism are harmed. It can lead to organ failure. Excess is solved with chelators, the most used is deferoxamine. But his terapeutic regimen is disadvantageous and it has a lot of side effects. That's reason for searching for substances with better features. This paper focuses on studium of iron-chelating activity of selected alkaloids from family Amaryllidaceae. Concretely, it's galanthamine, undulatine, buphanisine, caranine, 1-O- acetylbulbisine, homolycorine, tazettine, galanthamine, chlidanthine, ambelline, haemanthamine, haemanthidine, hamayne, 9-O-demethylgalanthine and lycoramine. As standard for comparison of activity was used deferoxamine. Activity was measured by spectrophotometer. As indicator was used ferrozine. Chelatation was measured for ferrous ionts and for total iron, where hydroxylamine as reduction agent was used. Ferrous ionts was measured also with pH alteration. Highest activity reached deferoxamine in all executed measurements. In...
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Evaluation of biological activity using Artemia salina
Kvapilová, Radka ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Mgr. Radka Kvapilová Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: EVALUATION OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY USING ARTEMIA SALINA Traditional Chinese medicine originated in ancient China and has evolved over thousands of years. TCM therapist use herbal medicines and body practices. Nowadays, Chinese medicine continues to develop and is used by millions of people around the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of these products - Epimedii herba, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, Zanthoxyli fructus pericarpium, Nelumbinis folium a Gardeniae fructus. The experiment was conducted on organism Artemia salina. These experiments were evaluated after the 24 hours and the LC50 values were calculated. Toxicity declined in order: Zanthoxyli fructus pericarpium > Gardeniae fructus > Nelumbinis folium > Epimedii herba > Salviae miltiorrhizae radix. Key words: Zanthoxyli fructus pericarpium, Gardeniae fructus, Nelumbinis folium, Epimedii herba, Salviae miltiorrhizae radix, Artemia salina.
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Biological activity of macromycetes I.
Vyletelka, Juraj ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
Vyletelka, Juraj. Biological activity of macromycetes I. Master Thesis 2012. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology. Supervisor: Ing. Kateřina Macáková, PhD. Key words: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, alkaloids, antioxidant activity, DPPH, ABTS, total phenolics. Macromycetes are the source of bioactive substances that still have not been completely researched. Many of them are used in treatment and they are the object of a growing interest. This work focuses on the measurement of biological activity of 25 ethanolic extracts prepared from various mushroom species. Ellman's spectrophotometric method was used to determine the acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. The aim of the thin layer chromatography was to detect alkaloids. This work also deals with the determination of antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging assays modified for use with sequential injection analysis. The content of total phenolic compounds in extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocaulteu method. Following the results of the presented methods, one may state that the extracts did not exhibit any significant inhibitory activity towards human cholinesterases....
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Biological activity of plants metabolites.XVII.Alkaloids of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.WANG.
Cipra, Gabriella ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Gabriella Cipra Consultant: Assoc. Prof. RNDr. Lubomir Opletal, CSc. Title of Thesis: Biological activity of plant metabolites XVII. Alkaloids of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang In the process of screening for plants containing alkaloids potentially inhibiting human erythrocytic AChE and human BuChE, Corydalis yanhusuo was studied. 10.8 kg of dried tuber was percolated with 120 liters of 95% ethanol. From the primary extract, extracts with individual types of alkaloids were prepared. In this diploma thesis only one extract was processed (extract type A-ether, pH 9.7). Alkaloids from this extract were separated into bases which chlorides were either soluble or insoluble in chloroform. From each of the above mentioned fractions phenolic and non- phenolic alkaloids were obtained. Alkaloids were separated from extract of non-phenolic chlorides soluble in chloroform. From this mixture (+)-corydaline (labeled GC-1) was isolated by the use of column chromatography on alumina and preparative TLC on silica gel. This compound was preliminary identified according to data of MS spectra, NMR spectra, and optical rotation and by comparison with literature data. The biological activity of...
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Optimization of Oxidative Stress Diagnostic Methods
Mercová, Miroslava ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
67 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Mgr. Miroslava Mercová Consultant: Ing. Kateřina Macáková, PhD. Consultant - specialist: doc. RNDr. Miroslav Pohanka, PhD. Title of Thesis: Optimization of oxidative stress diagnostic methods Many methods have been developed to measure markers related to oxidative stress, but only little attention has been paid to their optimization for sample handling. Sample processing and storage can reduce stability of detected markers and therefore influence the results obtained. In this experiment we studied the effect of freezing - thawing cycles on the stability of some oxidative stress markers. The objective was to evaluate the process of repeated freezing as a potential risk factor that can interfere with the precision of measurements. Wistar rat tissue homogenates (brain, liver, heart, kidney, spleen) were frozen (-80 řC) and thawed at room temperature for five cycles. TBARS, FRAP, DPPH-test, GSH levels and GR activity were measured after the every freeze - thaw cycle. The measured data show changes in levels of the assessed markers. Their stability was affected in all of the tested samples, already after the first cycle. In many cases, we found strong linear dependence between...
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Opium - chemical composition, use and potentialities of drug abuse
Štenclová, Andrea ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Štenclová, A.: Opium - chemical composition, use and potentialities of drug abuse. A diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2010, 94 pages This retrieval diploma thesis focuses on the processing of the facts about opium. The issue is examined from several points of view. The thesis deals with the question of the origin of this drug, its historical conception in various civilisations; it also concentrates on the chemical composition of the drug - particular attention is paid to the classification of alkaloids according to their chemical structure and to their biosynthesis. The following parts of the thesis describe legal and illegal opium production in the world, pharmacological effects of this drug on human organism as well as the problem of drug addiction and possibilities of its treatment. Keywords: opium, Papaver somniferum, opioid alkaloids, opium production, opium's effects on human organism, drug addiction
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Iron-chelating acitivity of selected alkaloids I.
Rudolfová, Tereza ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical botanic and ecology Candidate: Tereza Rudolfová Supervisor: Ing. Kateřina Macáková, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Iron-chelating activity of selected alkaloids I. (2012-2013) Iron belongs among the essential trace elements in the human body, where takes many important functions. Metabolic disorder of iron occurs as iron deficiency (anemia) or its abundance (hematochromatosis). Production of free radicals is induced while the level of iron is increased. This has been observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Abundance of iron is treated by chelating agents (f.e. deferoxamine). Treatment takes place by slow infusion which is time-consuming and expensive. These are reasons of looking for new substances administrated orally. Alkaloids are products of secondary metabolism of plants. Big doses are toxic for body. Some of their properties can be used for treatment in low concentration. This work focuses on chelation activity of certain isoquinoline alkaloids (allocryptopine, berberine, bulbocapnine, eschscholtzine, galantine, lykorine, californidine, protopine, sinoacutine, sculerine and stylopine). Deferoxamine has been used as a standard. Chelation of Fe2+ ions and total iron, where hydroxylamine has...
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Spectrophotometric assessment of iron chelation at different pH
Šulcová, Monika ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Macáková, Kateřina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Monika Šulcová Supervisor: PharmDr. Přemysl Mladěnka PhD. Title of Thesis: Spectrophotometric assessment of iron chelation at different pH Iron is an essential element for living cells. Dangerous for the organism can be its lack and abundance as well. Therefore, its level must be meticulously regulated. The most common cause of iron overload is the excess supply. The iron overload is mainly brought about frequent use of transfusion or hematologic diseases. Iron toxicity is based on the ability to catalyze the formation of free radicals that modify cellular macromolecules and cause tissue damage. The use of iron chelators is therefore a rational therapy of iron overload conditions. Iron chelators are molecules with different structures sparing the ability of iron binding, which results in iron elimination from the organism and prevent iron accumulation in tissues. It is mainly used for intoxication, but some of them are also used in other indications. Attention is paid to the chemotherapy and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. There are many methods for determination of iron levels. Ferrozine method can be successfully used for the assessment of ferrous ions chelation....
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