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Anatomical possibilities of the suprascapular nerve reconstruction by dorsal approach
Krajcová, Aneta ; Kaiser, Radek (advisor) ; Kachlík, David (referee) ; Měšťák, Ondřej (referee)
The presented dissertation primarily investigates new possibilities of targeted reconstruction of the lower branch of the suprascapular nerve for the infraspinatus muscle in patients with palsy of external rotation of the arm. It arises either on the basis of the brachial plexus palsy or during fractures of the scapula. The aim of the first part of the thesis was to use a systematic review of the literature and a subsequent meta-analysis to define data on the epidemiology and etiopathogenesis of severe injuries to the brachial plexus, which are indicated for surgical treatment. The second part describes two experimental studies on the reconstruction of the lower branch of the suprascapular nerve using the spinal accessory and lower subscapular nerves. Determining the values of the frequency of different types of brachial plexus lesions and their dependence on gender and causal mechanisms can be used as a basic reference when informing patients and the professional public about these types of injuries. In the experiment, it was proven that both methods of the suprascapular nerve reconstruction can be used in the vast majority of cadavers. They are thus potentially usable in clinical practice depending on the type of injury.
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Clinical Anatomy of the Arteries of the Trumb and the First Web Space
Miletín, Jakub ; Kachlík, David (advisor) ; Stingl, Josef (referee) ; Měšťák, Ondřej (referee)
The thumb is absolutely essential for the flawless function of the hand, and the loss of the structure or function of the thumb almost always means a partial or total invalidation of the patient. Thus, salvage and reconstruction of the thumb is one of the foremost topics in hand surgery. Modern conservation and reconstructive procedures of hand surgery require a completely new insight into the knowledge of vascular anatomy. In order for the information to be comprehensible and well communicated, it is necessary to have a sufficiently detailed, clear and, above all, uniform nomenclature. When taking a closer look at the anatomy of the vessels of the hand, it turns out that authors often do not use generally accepted terms or do not agree on the interpretation of the correctly used ones. The above stated facts led us to the conclusion that, although the anatomy of the hand arteries seems to have been well studied and described in the past, there is still considerable room for sorting out the previously described data, revising the nomenclature, completing the missing detailed description of some anatomical variations and assessing the significance and usefulness of individual structures in relation to trauma and reconstructive hand surgery. This work describes in detail the systemic and topographical...
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Subcutaneous mastectomy as a prevention of oncological disease
Měšťák, Ondřej ; Měšťák, Jan (advisor)
This diploma paper is concerned with subcutaneous mastectomy as a prevention of breast cancer. We collected a group of patients who were operated for subcutaneous mastectomy on Departement of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Bulovka in years 2001- 2005. Indication for profylactic mastectomy was based on severe fibrocystic mastopathy. In our study, we focused on medical history, histological findings, type and time of reconstruction.
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Use of biological materials for tissue substitution in plastic surgery
Měšťák, Ondřej ; Sukop, Andrej (advisor) ; Brychta, Pavel (referee) ; Dražan, Luboš (referee)
Užití biologických materiálů k náhradě tkání v plastické chirurgii ! Abstrakt v angličtině Background: Biological meshes are biomaterials consisted of extracellular matrix and used in surgery particularly for hernia treatment or thoracic wall reconstruction. They are capable of vascularization, that decreases risk of infection, expecially when used in contaminated fields. This study compared the strength of incorporation and biocompatibility of two porcine-derived grafts (cross-linked and non-cross-linked) in a rat hernia model. In addition, we hypothesized that combination of extracellular matrices with autologous mesenchymal stem cells used for hernia repair would result in increased vascularization and increased strength of incorporation. Methods: Standardized 2 x 4 cm fascial defect was created in 42 Wistar rats and repaired with a cross-linked or a non-cross-linked graft either enriched or non-enriched with stem cells. The rats were sacrificed 3, 6 and 12 months later. The strength of incorporation, vascularization, cellular invasion, foreign body reaction and capsule formation were evaluated. Results: Comparison of stem cell enriched and non-enriched groups showed no significant differences in the capsule thickness, foreign body reaction, cellularization or vascularization. In the non-cross-linked...
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Use of biological materials for tissue substitution in plastic surgery
Měšťák, Ondřej ; Sukop, Andrej (advisor) ; Brychta, Pavel (referee) ; Dražan, Luboš (referee)
Užití biologických materiálů k náhradě tkání v plastické chirurgii ! Abstrakt v angličtině Background: Biological meshes are biomaterials consisted of extracellular matrix and used in surgery particularly for hernia treatment or thoracic wall reconstruction. They are capable of vascularization, that decreases risk of infection, expecially when used in contaminated fields. This study compared the strength of incorporation and biocompatibility of two porcine-derived grafts (cross-linked and non-cross-linked) in a rat hernia model. In addition, we hypothesized that combination of extracellular matrices with autologous mesenchymal stem cells used for hernia repair would result in increased vascularization and increased strength of incorporation. Methods: Standardized 2 x 4 cm fascial defect was created in 42 Wistar rats and repaired with a cross-linked or a non-cross-linked graft either enriched or non-enriched with stem cells. The rats were sacrificed 3, 6 and 12 months later. The strength of incorporation, vascularization, cellular invasion, foreign body reaction and capsule formation were evaluated. Results: Comparison of stem cell enriched and non-enriched groups showed no significant differences in the capsule thickness, foreign body reaction, cellularization or vascularization. In the non-cross-linked...
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Subcutaneous mastectomy as a prevention of oncological disease
Měšťák, Ondřej ; Měšťák, Jan (advisor)
This diploma paper is concerned with subcutaneous mastectomy as a prevention of breast cancer. We collected a group of patients who were operated for subcutaneous mastectomy on Departement of Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Bulovka in years 2001- 2005. Indication for profylactic mastectomy was based on severe fibrocystic mastopathy. In our study, we focused on medical history, histological findings, type and time of reconstruction.
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