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Paradigma of Democracy in 20th Century
Moláček, Martin ; Müller, Ivan (advisor) ; Novák, Miroslav (referee)
Diploma thesis "Paradigma of Democracy in 20th. century" dissert upon modern theory of democracy. Thesis try to point differences in interpretation of the democracy conception on the basis of four modern theory democracy, which were interpreted in 20th century. Diploma thesis describe these doctrines: theory of competition democracy by J. A. Schumpeter; theory of pluralistic democracy and theory of polyarchy by R. A. Dahl; theory of justice by J. Rawls. At the close of thesis is short comparative analysis based on the main ideas these four democratic theory. Comparative analysis try to demonstrate main differences in the interpretation of democracy idea. It is necessary to understand, that "democracy" ins't exactly single valued definition, but democracy is wide spectrum of various doctrines. These various doctrines have very often divergencies of opinion about democracy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Catholic Social Doctrine and its Position on the Left-right Scale
Kantor, Lukáš ; Müller, Ivan (advisor) ; Kučera, Rudolf (referee)
The first part of the submitted essay represents a kind of a historical- philosophical excurse. It deals with a sample of thinkers, political movements and parties, church or sectarian groupings and streams that can be labeled with the term "leftist Christians" (Campanella, Tillich, Anabaptists, the Theology of Liberation and so on). At the same time the opposite postures of "right-wing Christians" are described, especially those of the contemporary renowned catholic political philosopher Michael Novak. The second part of this bachelor thesis focuses on the catholic social doctrine itself, as it has been developing since the publication of the papal social encyclical Rerum novarum at the end of the 19th century. The content and main principles of the following encyclicals are analyzed. Separate, although short chapter is dedicated to the last social encyclical Centesimus annus from 1991. The aim of the thesis is to "localize" catholic social doctrine on the traditional political left-right scale; it means to highlight its similarities and differences with liberal, conservative and socialist ideology and their corresponding economic models. On this issue we came to the conclusion that the cardinal rules of catholic social doctrine (solidarity, preferential option for the poor, priority of work...
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Main Aspects of Church-State Relations in Luther and Calvin Thought
Matulová, Lucie ; Kučera, Rudolf (advisor) ; Müller, Ivan (referee)
My work is focused on a special type of relation between the Church and the State in Luther's and Calvin's thought. Man stands under a double government, spiritual and political, and these governments require to be separately considered. Thus, I consider them as two sovereign powers. They are not separate, for they cooperate. I examine the doctrine of the Church as an essential part of my work. The Church, in Luther's tradition, is a community of believers. The pure preaching of the Word of God creates the most important mark of the true Church. A teaching of justification by faith is a pillar of protestantism. A man is justified by the grace of God. He is flesh and spirit, he is "simul iustus, simul peccator." The Church, in Calvin's tradition, is considered as the pillar of truth. The visible marks of the Church are the pure preaching of the Word of God and the right administration of the sacraments. The invisible Church is created by people who belong to God and only He knows those who are his own. I attempt to demonstrate that the impact of the doctrine of predestination on life of a Christian is decisive. Belief in personal election becomes a strong motivation toward greater effort. The doctrine of predestination brings assurance that God would not allow the elect to fall. There are four offices...
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Just-war theory. Its origin and evolution in history
Daniška, Jaroslav ; Kučera, Rudolf (advisor) ; Müller, Ivan (referee)
Diploma thesis covers the old Christian tradition of just-war theory. This tradition, fully-established hence Augustine justifies and limits war. Having origins in a Hebrew thought and Old Testament, just-war theory has grown up from works of Augustine trough Gratian, Thomas Aquinas and Spanish scholastics to play a major role in establishing of international law as a specific field of science in a modern age. In this work I focused on primary texts of Bible, both Old and New Testament, writings of Augustine and Thomas Aquinas, Koran, as well as review of influential secondary literature, especially written by James Turner Johnson, George Weigel, historians like Edward Gibbon, Paul Johnson, Thomas E. Woods, thinkers like Roberto de Mattei or Michael Novak and documents like Documents of Vatican II., Catechism of the Catholic Church and others. Catholicism developed rich body of thought and numerous theories, attitudes on the moral problem of war and peace. Tradition of just-war thinking offers improving argumentation on morally responsible use of armed force, in both defensive and offensive wars. Just-war tradition offers criteria and their moral evaluation of just cause, just intention and legitimate authority and diploma thesis adds their confrontation with jihad's "holy-war" in Islam, humanitarian...
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