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Adorno and biopolitics: Thoughts on our well-trained souls and bodies
Gyöngyösi, Megyer ; Maesschalck, Marc (advisor) ; Leclercq, Jean (referee) ; Pourtois, Hervé (referee) ; Gély, Raphaël (referee)
In this text, I propose a novel interpretation of Theodor W. Adorno's thoughts on politics and society from the vantage point of post-Foucauldian biopolitics. The aim of the text is both to find answers to some of the most problematic aspects of Adorno's philosophy (i.e. how to justify the normative claims he makes, what the possibilities of emancipatory politics are) and also to reveal some important insights that might have been underemphasized in current biopolitical discourses (such as the psychological aspects of biopolitical oppression). In the first half of the text, which deals with Adorno's paradigmatic shift in comprehending politics, I consider the question of why he dedicated his political analyses to the micropolitical construction of human life instead of focussing on the more conventional topics of political philosophy. The second half then treats of the resulting question of what kind of moral or political resistance is available. Keywords : Theodor W. Adorno; Biopolitics; Auschwitz; Gender and Sexuality; Emancipatory Politics.
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Tyranny, Hegemony, Emancipation: Thinking the Tyrant with Laclau and Mouffe
Aquino, Raymund Luther ; Maesschalck, Marc (advisor) ; Leclercq, Jean (referee) ; Destrée, Pierre (referee)
That the term "tyrant" is regaining currency in some political contexts demands a thorough consideration of its specificity as a subject position. In this paper, I propose to think the tyrant in light of the work of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe. I will begin by considering the political subject from the viewpoint of the longstanding search for a subject of emancipation. Such a search has had to deal with several failures resulting from its incapacity to think the subject in view of the radical openness of the social. This social, replete with antagonism, is the discursive field where the game of hegemony plays out, implicating as participants not only the subject of emancipation but also the subject of oppression posed as its enemy in an antagonistic relation. "Tyrant" is but a name accorded by a subject aiming for emancipation to such an enemy. By rejecting all temptation to provide the tyrant with an essence, the very precarity of the term arises, as it is in the end nothing but an empty signifier charged with representing a universal at once impossible and necessary - in this case, total crime. As such, the term tyrant is only relevant for designating a subject position to the extent that, as an empty signifier, it is an object of hegemonic articulation. It is through the very naming of the...
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