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The House on Mango Street - translation of selected parts of Sandra Cisneros' book of vignettes and its subsequent analysis
Štrynclová, Aneta ; Ženíšek, Jakub (advisor) ; Lancová, Klára (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with English-Czech translation. The thesis is divided into three parts, namely the theoretical part, which will deal with the theory of translatology as a science of translation but primarily it will relate to the theory of translation of potential problematic phenomena that were discovered while reading the original. The second part - practical, consists of a translation of parts of the book of vignettes by Mexican-American author Sandra Cisneros The House on Mango Street. The book is written from the perspective of a teenage Hispanic girl Esperanza Cordero who is coping with life in Chicago. The last part sheds light on some of the choices made during the practical translation process, explaining how these were informed by relevant theoretical findings outlined in the first part. It is a justification of the choices of translations of the specific phenomena. The sources for the theoretical part were mostly works by Czech authors dealing with the theory of translation such as Jiří Levý and his Umění překladu, Milan Hrdlička and Překladatelské miniatury, Pozvání k překladatelské praxi: kapitoly o překládání beletrie by Olga Krijtová or Překládání a čeština by Zlata Kufnerová et al.
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Attitudes of Czechs towards Individual English Accents
Iatsun, Valeriia ; Lancová, Klára (advisor) ; Červinková Poesová, Kristýna (referee)
The dissertation is focused on the description of the distinctive phonetic and phonological aspects of the Manchester, New Zealand and Irish accents. The theoretical part contains a comprehensive description of the segmental and suprasegmental features of the above mentioned accents in contrast with British Standard/Received Pronunciation. The practical part contains the recordings of native speakers from Manchester, Dunedin, Glasgow and Newsbury. It is followed by a research conducted in the form of a questionnaire, whose answers should help to discover the Czech students' attitude towards individual accents. Key Words Manchester, New Zealand, Irish and British accents
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The analysis of the techniques used by online translators in comparison with the traditional form of translation
Herejk, Martin ; Ženíšek, Jakub (advisor) ; Lancová, Klára (referee)
The pivotal intention of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive and detailed comparison of the contemporary machine translation and the traditional translation performed by a person. The theoretical part contains two segments which are essential towards establishing the background for the thesis. Firstly, a brief historical context is presented to illustrate how and why the concept of machine translation came to exist. Its relevance, utilization and basic technological principles are presented within the confines of the technology currently available. Secondly, an overview of specific language elements which commonly present an obstacle for translators, be it those possessing human or artificial intelligence, is elaborated and briefly commented upon. The practical part contains a selected body of text which is then translated, firstly by using a specific software and secondly by the author of the thesis. These translations are compared with regard to their accuracy, with references made to the mechanics of machine translation and the source code employed to perform the translation itself, effectively combining linguistic point of view with the technological aspect of the algorithm applied in the translation software. The final part contains a conclusion and summary of obtained results and...
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The Inaugural Addresses of the Re-elected US Presidents after the WW2: Stylistic Analysis of Selected Features
Procházková, Alžběta ; Lancová, Klára (advisor) ; Ženíšek, Jakub (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with identification, analysis and assessment of the usage of individual style in the inaugural addresses of the re-elected American presidents after the Second World War. The thesis is anchored in the functional approach to style as described by British linguists Crystal and Davy. The analysis focuses on syntactic, morphological, lexical and semantic levels of the inaugural addresses. From each level the analysis selects several stylistically significant features, which influence the style of writing and thus create an individual style. The selected Presidents' addresses are then compared and stylistic similarities and differences are examined.
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Comparative Analysis of Neologisms in Selected Works of Terry Pratchett and George R. R. Martin
Dragounová, Tereza ; Lancová, Klára (advisor) ; Pípalová, Renata (referee)
The thesis presents a comparison of the neologisms found in selected works of two fantasy series, namely those from the books Last Continent and Jingo (both by Terry Pratchett, they belong to the Discworld series) and A Game of Thrones (by George R. R. Martin, an installment of the A Song of Ice and Fire series). The neologisms gathered from the three books are firstly dealt with separately and subcategorized according to the word-formation processes that were employed in their creation. Subsequently, the data from respective categories in each series are compared with attention paid equally to possible disparities on one hand as well as to significant similarities on the other hand. An attempt at interpreting thus obtained results has been made, mostly with respect to the subgenres of the books and the roles they might have played in the creation of the acquired neologisms. The comparison reveals both differences and similarities, some of them quite striking. The word-formation processes that demonstrate the most intriguing results are compounding and miscellaneous processes, which are utilized to vastly different degrees in each of the series. The other processes display mostly similarity of use or just slight differences. Key words: word-formation process, neologism, comparison
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Analysis of English and French True Friends (Vrais Amis) in a Corpus of Authentic Text Samples
Pípalová, Mariana ; Lancová, Klára (advisor) ; Červinková Poesová, Kristýna (referee)
This PhDr. dissertation provides a parole analysis of vrais amis (true counterparts) in current French and current English. To this end a specialized English-French translation corpus was assembled, composed of three subcorpora equal in length, namely Religious, Political and Fiction discourse, amounting altogether to approximately 60,000 words. With the help of the AntConc computer tool, true friends employed in the corpus were generated, here conceived of as a register-specific phenomenon exclusively. Using the frequency criteria, a "central setˮ of 64 most frequent counterparts was delineated. These central counterparts, marked by (almost) identical frequencies, identical contexts and the same registers, were subjected to a multiaspectual analysis, scrutinizing the pronunciation, spelling, word classes, share of derivation, and frequency of both, the types and the tokens. Since English proved to be the borrowing language in all instances, the research also indirectly addressed the degree of their integration in the English lexicon by reference to frequency bands. For most of the researched aspects, three zones of counterparts were identified, namely those exhibiting identity, close similarity and relative difference. As a result, employing the Theory of Centre and Periphery (Daneš 1966), we may...
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Language and Ageing - Cognitive and Educational Aspects in the Elderly with Special Focus on Cognitive Training in a Foreign Language in People with Dementia
Veltruská Šmídová, Kateřina ; Pípalová, Renata (advisor) ; Lancová, Klára (referee)
The thesis explores cognitive as well as educational aspects in elderly people. The main emphasis is put on investigating the influence of cognitive training carried out in a foreign language on the elderly suffering from dementia. Having described the basic anatomy of the nervous system, neurolinguistic theories as well as ageing and having dealt with cognitive aspects in relation to language learning, the thesis aims at performing an experiment that should help dementia clients to broaden their vocabulary in a foreign language. This is to be achieved through individual therapy- like units using worksheets created specifically for these purposes. The results indicate that cognitive training in a foreign language is beneficial to dementia clients and could be used more extensively. The worksheets were redesigned in order to facilitate their further use by specialised teachers or lectures working with mentally healthy seniors. Key words ageing, dementia, language, cognitive training, neurolinguistics, geragogy
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