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Nuptiality and divorce in the regions of the Czech Republic 1970-2011
Remiášová, Renata ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Nuptiality and divorce in the regions of the Czech Republic 1970-2011 Abstract The objective of this diploma thesis is to find out how marriage and divorce have developed in the Czech Republic at the district level between 1970 and 2011, to identify the most different regions and compare their intensity of marriage by gender, age and reveal the connection between divorce rates and other population characteristics in Czech Republic's districts in 1970, 1991 and 2011. Data used for analysis were taken from the censuses in 1970, 1991 and 2011 and also from the Demographic Yearbooks of the Czech Republic and the Demographic Yearbooks of the districts of the Czech Republic. The thesis describes and calculates the basic indicators of marriage and divorce rates, reduced marriage rates and marriage rates of the marriageable population. Spearman's correlation coefficient is used to determine the relationship between divorce and other characteristics of the population. The level of marriage and divorce rates varied in the districts, but in 2011 there was minimal difference. Most significant differences were observed in Prague, the region of northwestern Bohemia, the region of Vysočina and South Moravia. It turned out that divorce rates had a strong negative relationship with the religiosity of the population and a...
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Family policy focussed on pre-school children care in Czechia, France and Sweden
Kořenská, Pavla ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Family policy focussed on pre-school children care in Czechia, France and Sweden Abstract This bachelor thesis deals with family policies in selected European countries, more specifically in Czechia, France and Sweden. In the thesis, there is a mapping of family policies development in individual countries, as well as differences in partial precautions, family allowances and pre-primary equipment in childcare. The objective of the thesis will be to find out how much the selected countries are similar or on the contrary, different within family policies, whether they involve father in childcare, what the differences in fertility development are and whether fertility in individual countries has influenced emergence of some precautions. Among other things, the thesis also talks about harmonization of work and family life. In the analytical part of the work, there are value attitudes and respondents' opinions compared and analyzed, based on the answers of individual examined countries. Questions for this part were chosen based on the Generations and Gender Survey. Keywords: family policy, fertility, precautions, Czechia, France, Sweden
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Population development in Sweden since 1960
Nováková, Iveta ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Population development in Sweden since 1960 Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the population development in Sweden between 1960 and 2018. The main goal of this work is to evaluate in the context of selected demographic characteristics the course of demographic changes that appeared in the country after 1960. The result is changes in the level of demographic reproduction, which are referred to as the second demographic transition. From the 1960s to the present, Sweden has seen an increase in the average age at first marriage, an increase in the average age of the mother giving birth and an increase in the number of divorces. During the observed period, the Swedish population aged, the share of the pre-productive component of the population decreased, while the share of the post-productive component in the population increased. The development of total fertility in Sweden is often compared to a roller coaster due to its specific fluctuation. From 1960 to 2018, Sweden saw a decline in mortality rates, especially in the older age groups and up to one year of age, which was reflected in the values of life expectancy at birth that grew for both men and women. Sweden is inspiring for other European countries with its gender-neutral family and social policy. Keywords: population development, Sweden, second...
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Analysing fertility developments in selected European countries between 1970 and 2014 using alternative methods
Vachuška, Jakub ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Analysing fertility developments in selected European countries between 1970 and 2014 using alternative methods Abstract Transversal fertility indices as the total fertility rate are distorted by tempo effect when timing of childbearing is changing. New indices as the tempo-adjusted total fertility rate remove this distortion and give another perspective on fertility trends in countries with present tempo effect. These countries are former Eastern Bloc countries and other European countries. This thesis uses the tempo-adjusted total fertility rate and data from Human Fertility Database to describe tempo distortion in fertility level in Sweden, Norway, Czechia, Slovakia, Estonia and Lithuania in period 1970-2014. A more detailed analysis by parity in Sweden and Czechia is conducted in the same period. Negative tempo effect has been present from 1970s in Sweden and Norway and then from 90s in the countries left with fertility postponement being very widespread. The tempo effect level in Sweden and Czechia was substantial at parity one and diminishing with higher parities. Keywords: fertility, timing, level, postponement, adjusted total fertility rate, tempo effect Number of characters without blank spaces: 138 653
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The effect of female fertility on their employment in the United States between 1987 and 2003
Retter, Maria ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
The effect of female fertility on their employment in the United States between 1987 and 2003 Abstract The master thesis is focused on discovering the relationship between female fertility levels and women's employment in the US based on data from longitudinal surveys, which happened in three waves in 1987-1988, 1992-1994 and 2001-2003, in regards to the demographic trends since the second half of the 20th century. The aim is to examine the existence of a relationship between female fertility and their employment depending on the number of children in the household, their education level, marital status and age. The method of binary and multinomial multiple logistic regression is applied. The result of the analysis is that the women's odds ratio of being employed is statistically significantly affected by the number of children, the age of children present in the household and the level of education in the first and second wave of the survey data set. The women's odds ratio of being employed is also influenced by the women's marital status and age. Another finding is that the women's odds ratio of staying, coming or finding a new job is also affected by the number of new children in the household, the level of education and age. Keywords: Demographic trends, fertility, women's employment, USA, logistic...
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Foreign nationals in Czechia with focus on migrants from Ukraine
Nosková, Daniela ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Bartoňová, Dagmar (referee)
Foreign nationals in Czechia with focus on migrants from Ukraine Abstract The theme of this Bachelor thesis is foreign nationals in Czechia with a focus on migrants from Ukraine. In recent years, the topics of foreigners and migration have become increasingly relevant given the steady growth of the number of foreign nationals. The thesis analyzes the structure of foreign nationalities in Czechia after the year 2004 when the country joined the European Union, until 2017, when migrants from Ukraine were prevalent. The work first lists documents and permits required for a prolonged stay of foreign nationals and aspects of the Ukrainian migration to Czechia are described along with data sources of the evidence of demographic events in the lives of foreigners. The development of the numbers of foreign nationals is demonstrated in a sample of the five most frequently represented nationalities. Two statistical methods were primarily used to examine the localities where foreigners are concentrated by nationality and the numbers of foreigners and the percentage of individual minority groups in Czechia in the given period: cluster and spatial analysis. Resulting from data availability, the regions of Czechia have been chosen as the basic statistic units. Keywords foreigners, stays of foreigners, demographic events of...
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The Hajnal line in contemporary Europe
Chráska, Miroslav ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Velková, Alice (referee)
The master's thesis deals with answer of distribution of countries, which was determined in 1965 in the theoretical concept by John Hajnal, in contemporary Europe. The main aim was to reanalyze the original division of countries using cluster analysis on the basis demographic indicators: average age at first marriage men and women, the average age of a woman at first child birth, the number of divorces per 100 marriages, the proportion of live births in marriage and out of marriage. The data used came from the Eurostat database from 1990 to 2015. Cluster analyzes of European countries were also performed according to the value orientations of their inhabitants in the area of social relations and life expectations. Respondents' statements came from the European Social Survey from 2002 to 2018. Cluster analysis of selected demographic indicators did not confirm two models of Hajnal's concept of marital behavior. Cluster analyzes of respondents' value orientations confirmed the existence of two value approaches to life priorities - a preference for traditionally accepted values and a preference for a dynamic and efficient lifestyle. Keywords Hajnal line, family, marriage, divorce rate, ESS research project, K-means cluster analysis, values
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The Dynamics of World Population Ageing
Bošková, Mariana ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (referee)
The dynamics of the world population ageing Abstract This thesis aims to evaluate the evolution of population ageing in the world. This subject is a current issue nowadays and will probably be in the future for many countries in the world. The evaluation of the population ageing is analysed through five indicators: old age dependency ratio, total dependency ratio, total fertility rate, life expectancy at birth, and median age. Even though attention is mostly paid to the years 1950, 2015 and 2050, the thesis contains the growth index of all the used indicators as well. It shows the development over this hundred-year time horizon. While the population ageing has taken place mostly in economically developed countries in the past, this trend will most likely continue to be most pronounced in the fastest developing countries of Eastern and South-Eastern Asia in the future, with faster dynamics. Key words: demographic ageing, world, old age dependency ratio, total dependency ratio, total fertility rate, life expectancy at birth, median age
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Health determinants and self-perceived life expectancy
Dvořáková, Eliška ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Health determinants and self-perceived life expectancy Abstract The bachelor thesis addresses the relationship between selected determinants for people aged 65 and over, and the statements about their self-perceived health, in 2014. EHIS and EU-SILC surveys were used as source information. Selected health determinants belong to lifestyle factors and therefore can be influenced by one's behaviour. These determinants include body mass index, smoking habits and alcohol drinking. The thesis is based on an international comparison of selected health determinants and mortality indicators obtained from Eurostat data on the 28 member states of the European Union. Keywords: health determinants, self-perceived health, body mass index, smoking habits, alcohol drinking, EU28
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Structures and trends of unemployment in the Czech Republic and the Visegrad Group states
Lichtenberková, Anna ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Structures and trends of unemployment in the Czech Republic and the Visegrad Group states Abstract Unemployment is one of the major global problem today. This diploma thesis deals with the development of the level of unemployment in the Czech Republic and international comparison with the countries of the European Union, especially with the states of the Visegrad Group states. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part focuses on legislation related to unemployment, methodology and data sources, and also defines unemployment, its types and impacts. In the analytical part, there is described the development of unemployment in the Czech Republic from its origin to the present. Particular attention is paid to the year 2016, which was subjected to the analysis of unemployment in terms of demographic indicators such as gender, age, education and also according to individual regions of the Czech Republic. The work also compares the development of unemployment among Visegrad Group states from 2000 to 2016 and analyses the level of unemployment in terms of the highest education achieved between these countries in 2016. Keywords: Unemployment, unemployment structure, gender, age, education, legislation, methodology, labour force sample survey, Czech Republic, Visegrad Four...
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