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Bioethics I - Nanotechnology in the biomedicíně.
Váchová, Olga ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Kottová, Martina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of biological and biomedicinal sciences Olga Váchová Supervisor: PhDr. Zdeňka Kudláčková, PhD. Title of diploma tehesis: Bioethics I - Nanotechnology in the biomedicine Background: Create basic summary of ethical theories and bioethics principles. Compile summary of used and investigated nanotechnology applications - particularly their influence on human health and living environment. Furthermore, chart contemporary research and practical nanotechnology use regulation state. Main findings: Nanotechnology is presently one of the fastest developing technologies. Many authors think, that it is a significant breakthrough for society, similar to discovery of steam or electronics in recent history. Usage of nanotechnology is able to considerably extend society potential in material engineering, electronics, optics and particularly in medicine and pharmacy. We can imagine treatment of cancer without side effects of chemotherapy, more sensitive examination methods, durable a biocompatible implants or nanobots monitoring biology functions of human body. Many products and production materials based on nanoparticles or nanotechnology have been commercially exploited until today. Despite of wider and wider applications in daily life,...
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Environment and asthma bronchiale
Horová, Zuzana ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
BACKGROUND: Asthma is one of the most often occuring children chronic diseases and its prevalence is steadily increasing. A lot of risk and protective factors influencing the development of asthma and atopic diseases have been described. It is necessary to gain more information about these factors, though. AIM: To compare two different groups of children (the asthmatics and the reference group) beeing influenced by different risk and protective factors for developing asthma. Analysing the risk factors may help us to design preventive programmes and broaden the knowledge of pathobiology of the disease. METHODS: 3848 structured anonymous questionnaires were sent to various primary schools round the Czech Republic. The questionnaires were completed by parents on behalf of their children. The aim of the questionnaires was to examine the prenatal conditions and postnatal conditions at the age of the first two years, at 6th -7th , 12th - 13th year of age. In this study we focused on postnatal conditions of children. 2050 completed questionnaires were sent back and we focused on the group of 118 astmatic children and 765 non-allergic children as the reference group. Children were born in years 1992-1993 and all come from the Czech Republic. Answering positively the question about asthmatic symptoms and...
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Predisposing factors of allergies XI.
Horová, Zuzana ; Jílek, Petr (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
BACKGROUND: Asthma is one of the most often occuring children chronic diseases and its prevalence is steadily increasing. A lot of risk and protective factors influencing the development of asthma and atopic diseases have been described. It is necessary to gain more information about these factors, though. AIM: To compare two different groups of children (the asthmatics and the reference group) beeing influenced by different risk and protective factors for developing asthma. Analysing the risk factors may help us to design preventive programmes and broaden the knowledge of pathobiology of the disease. METHODS: 3848 structured anonymous questionnaires were sent to various primary schools round the Czech Republic. The questionnaires were completed by parents on behalf of their children. The aim of the questionnaires was to examine the prenatal conditions and postnatal conditions at the age of the first two years, at 6th -7th , 12th - 13th year of age. 2050 completed questionnaires were sent back and we focused on the group of 118 astmatic children and 765 non-allergic children as the reference group. Children were born in years 1992-1993 and all come from the Czech Republic. Answering positively the question about asthmatic symptoms and using antiasthmatic pharmacotherapy, children were indicated as...
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Anomalies of visceral arteries
Lacušová, Monika ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department Department of Biological and Medical Science Candidate Monika Lacušová Consultant PhDr. Zděnka Kudláčková, Ph.D. Thesis Title Anomalies of visceral arteries Introduction: Understanding of occurrence of visceral arteries anomalies is important for performing surgeries within abdomen. In case of lack of understanding of these anomalies, serious damage of blood vessels may occur, resulting in disorders of blood supply for liver, pancreas, as well as other organs located in abdomen. Early and accurate diagnostics is of high importance, and it may be performed via display methods, most frequently through computer tomography. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to evaluate occurrence and types of anomalies of visceral arteries through scans resulting from computer tomography. Methods: We have obtained the data from medical records of patients through hospital information system. These were the records of patients treated at the Surgery Clinic of the Faculty Hospital in Hradec Králové. Overall, there was a set of 430 patients included in the evaluation of the records taken between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019. It was essential, that the patients underwent the examination by computer tomography. Therefore, we ruled out 115...
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Transport mechanisms of drugs trough the blood-brain barrier and their influencing by L-carnitine.
Havelek, Radim ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Many neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and infections of the brain become more prevalent as population become older. That is one of the reasons, why blood-brain barier and it's transport mechanisms are intensively investigated. The blood-brain barrier is a unique membranous barrier that tightly segregates the brain from the circulating blood. The blood- brain barrier is formed by the connection of closely adjacent tight junctions between the capillary endothelial cells, which are not fenestrated and which display minimal pinocytosis. The capilary endothelial cells form a polarized barrier, which regulates transport of molecules across the blood-brain barrier. L-carnitine is compound necessary in the peripheral tissues for a transfer of fatty acids for their oxidation within the cell, it accumulates in the brain despite low β-oxidation in this organ. In order to enter the brain, L-carnitine has to cross the blood- brain barrier via specific carnitine transporters. The aim of this work was to describe recent information about blood-brain barrier, L-carnitine, transport mechanisms across blood-brain barrier and to find whether administration of L-carnitine can affect effect of 7- methoxytacrine. As a marker of the effect of drugs tested was chosen determination of activity of AChE by Ellman method in...
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Pathophysiology of different types of hernias and their incidence between June 2013 - June 2015 in Central Bohemia
Valášková, Hana ; Fikrová, Petra (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
7 3. ABSTRACT PATHOPHYSIOLOGY DIFFERENT TYPES OF HERNIA AND THE INCIDENCE RANGING JUNE 2013 - JUNE 2015 IN THE CENTRAL REGION Author: Hana Valášková Tutor: PharmDr. Petra Fikrová, Ph.D., Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Introduction: A hernia is a disease of the abdominal cavity, which is the most frequent operated disease in hospitals. Hernias can be divided according to several aspects, e.g. according to the time of origin to the hernia congenital and acquired. Objectives: The aim of this dissertation was to provide a comprehensive overview of the pathology of hernias and check the incidence of this pathology in the Central Bohemia Region. Methodology: Information for the theoretical part were gotten from professional publications or specialized websites. The information for the practical part were obtained by collecting operational protocols followed and questionnaires at two different facilities. Results: In the theoretical part we presented a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology of the most common types of hernias. Based on the collection of operational protocols we worked with the group of 982 patients and 148 patients were gotten from received questionnaires. In both groups, we proved more frequent affliction of men and the most frequent incidence of inguinal hernia. Conclusion:...
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Signs of the temporolimbic dysfunction in persons with headaches
Bartošová, Tereza ; Herink, Josef (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
The aim of this research is the occurrence of symptoms of the limbic dysfunction in patients suffering from headaches. By means of the questionnaire survey method was tested group of people with this diagnosis. The basic premise is the assumption that certain symptoms, specifically abnormalities in brain activity, occur more frequently in patients with this diagnosis. The theoretical part of this thesis concentrates on the function of the temporal lobe and the limbic system, a brief outline of the characteristics of temporo-limbic dysfunction and a summary overview of headaches. The research part is addressed to the evaluation questionnaire study and answers to the questions asked. Keywords Temporal lobe, limbic system, temporolimbic dysfunction, headaches, migraine, comorbidity,questionnaire
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Survey the pharmacotherapy for generalised epilepsy - in the area Krnov
Poloniová, Veronika ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Herink, Josef (referee)
Author: Veronika Poloniová Title: Survey the pharmacotherapy for generalised epilepsy - in the area Krnov Form: Master Thesis Name of University: Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Degree: Pharmacy Aim: The first aim is to evaluate epilepsy treatment and the established medical practices of generalized forms of epilepsy in the population at Krnov region. Based on the local experience, the second aim is to recommend a combined treatment. Methods: The retrospective study included patients treated with pharmacotherapy for generalized form of epilepsy in Krnov region, drop 44,000 inhabitants. Eighteen years and older patients who visited the local neurological clinic have been monitored since 1993. The treatment criterion was to define epileptic seizures while minimizing the side effects and preserving cognitive functions. Main findings: Monotherapy proved that the most effective therapeutic option is valproate and lamotrigine. Combined therapy proved that the optimal combination is valproate + carbamazepine and vaproate + lamotrigine. Conclusion: In monotherapy we have come to the conclusions similar to the most companies that are dealing with epilepsy. Namely valproate and lamotrigine. The therapeutic schemes for the combined treatment are nor developed or proposed,...
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