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The study of influence of inorganic pigments on the identification of egg tempera by mass spectrometry
Čámská, Lucie ; Hynek, Radovan (referee) ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to find out in what way inorganic pigments influence the identification of egg and yolk tempera using mass spectrometry MALDITOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight). The other aim was to prepare a set of model color layers including ten inorganic pigments combined with the egg and yolk tempera. Using the method of peptide mass fingerprinting mass spectra of the samples were found out and the obtained peptides were compared. Finally the egg tempera was distinguished from the yolk tempera and it was found which pigments negatively influenced the identification of the temperas. The m/z values were found out for both temperas and they were used to upgrade database of the reference proteinaceous binders that have been used in art works.
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Identification of Terpenoid Resins in Artworks by Gas Chromatography
Jelínek, Jan ; Beneš, Pavel (referee) ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor)
Terpenoic varnishes are used in artworks since 11th century. Their task is to protect the artworks against the adverse effects of the environment and frequently they complete the artistic page. Although synthetic varnishes are currently widely used, especially in the case of modern art, the use of natural materials is still widespread and not only in the restoration of historical paintings and polychromy. In order to prepare terpenoic varnishes, rich supply of natural resins is used (damare, mastic, copals, colophony etc.). These resins differ in their composition and therefore they have various physical properties such as fragility, solubility, and not least the various darkening of varnish. For these reasons, it is necessary to know their composition, in order to be safely removed during restoration and subsequently replaced by a varnish of the same material composition. Gas chromatography is the most widely used analytical method for determination of natural resins, using a number of derivatizing reagents. The task of this thesis was to find the best separation conditions for the identification of resins by gas chromatography combined with flame ionization detector (GC-FID).
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Identification of Protein Binders Contained in the Artworks by gas Chromatography
Köhlerová, Veronika ; Beneš, Pavel (referee) ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor)
Painters often used a protein binding agents such as various types of animal glues, casein or eggs, either whole or their individual parts for preparation of many different types of temperas. The determination of the proteinaceous binder is essential in order to choose a suitable conservation method and for identification of the painting technique. This diploma thesis aims to define the most suitable conditions to determine the proteinaceous binders by gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (GC-FID). Firstly, the optimal conditions needed for separation of individual amino acids, which are necessary to distinguish the protein binding agents, were set. Secondly, the empirically define conditions for hydrolysis of proteins, which breaks down proteins into the individual amino acids, were found.
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The modern method analysis pointings
Bezdička, Petr ; Grygar, Tomáš ; Kučková, Štěpánka ; Hradilová, J.
Baseline identification of pigments is not sufficient for the description of technical style of painting and its authentication. Qualified interpretation of the stratigraphy of colour layers accompanied by the description of their microstructure is only able to help with the evaluation of origin and authenticity of the painting. Wide comparative database and close cooperation of scientists, restorers and art historians is always necessary. Diversity of forms, in which titanium occurs in nature, could be given as an example documenting the necessity of highly professional and sensitive approach to data within this research area.
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