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Possibilities and limits of a human knowledge of God and of speech about God in Ludwig Wittgenstein
Kopačková, Lucie ; Noble, Ivana (advisor) ; Kranát, Jan (referee)
This bachelor work analyses possibilities and limits of a human knowledge of God and of speech about God in Ludwig Wittgenstein. Wittgenstein as a key to teological language, is dealing with life and philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein. The theme of language is introduced in the perspective of Wittgenstein ́s early and later philosophy. It examines how he developed this theme in his first philosophical work Tractatus Logico Philosophicus and what kind of changes his later work published as Philosophical Investigations brought. The first biographical offers a reading of Wittgenstein ́s life in different periods, which had had the basic influence to his philosophical work. Subhead about his relationship to Christianity and the relogion as such concludes this part. The second part dealing with philosophical work about language is divided into two subheads. First introduces how Wittgenstein worked with the topic of language at the begining of his philosophical work. Then the second is about the move in his whole work and personal attitude which is characteristic for his later work. Short theological ecumenical eccursus concludes the second part and shows in which realms Wittgenstein transceds the limits of philosophy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Návrh naučné stezky v Zakřanech
Kopáčková, Lucie
The thesis deals with proposal of the nature trail project in Zakřany. The theoretical part of the thesis is firstly focused on the issue of Educational trails, especially from the point of view of their creation. Attention is therefore paid to the principles of creation, legislation or sources of funding. It also draws attention to certain pitfalls associated with their creation and outlines the possibilities of their use, especially in terms of primary schools. Another part of the literature review deals with the issue of forests. After defining and giving meaning, their social functions are presented. In the practical part, the life trail in the forest was designed as a project. The pre-project phase was elaborated and then the project solution was proposed. In the framework of the pre-project phase, the current situation was described, the SWOT analysis of the project, the target set, the target group, the Stakeholder analysis, etc. were elaborated. The subject of the project proposal was, among other things, the creation of WBS with a description of the two most important work packages related to the route design and the content design of the educational trail information panels. Furthermore, time scheduling was performed and the possible sources of funding, including the preliminary budget. The subject of the proposal was also the management of people, risks and the definition of project sustainability. Selected members of the municipal council were approached in order to find out about the possible implementation of the educational trail.
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Possibilities and limits of a human knowledge of God and of speech about God in Ludwig Wittgenstein
Kopačková, Lucie ; Noble, Ivana (advisor) ; Kranát, Jan (referee)
This bachelor work analyses possibilities and limits of a human knowledge of God and of speech about God in Ludwig Wittgenstein. Wittgenstein as a key to teological language, is dealing with life and philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein. The theme of language is introduced in the perspective of Wittgenstein ́s early and later philosophy. It examines how he developed this theme in his first philosophical work Tractatus Logico Philosophicus and what kind of changes his later work published as Philosophical Investigations brought. The first biographical offers a reading of Wittgenstein ́s life in different periods, which had had the basic influence to his philosophical work. Subhead about his relationship to Christianity and the relogion as such concludes this part. The second part dealing with philosophical work about language is divided into two subheads. First introduces how Wittgenstein worked with the topic of language at the begining of his philosophical work. Then the second is about the move in his whole work and personal attitude which is characteristic for his later work. Short theological ecumenical eccursus concludes the second part and shows in which realms Wittgenstein transceds the limits of philosophy. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Importance of nurse´s work providing nurishment to senior patients
KOPAČKOVÁ, Lucie
Theoretical Foundations Ageing and old age are natural parts of every individual during their lives. Most of the population wants to live an active life of the best quality possible. Nutrition is a factor that influences healthy aging most significantly. Adequate nutrition plays an important role in maintaining the quality of life and good physical condition. Nutritional needs of the elderly are highly specific. The nutritional needs of the elderly are defined mainly by changes in the organism and a wide range of influencing factors resulting from a person's lifestyle. An important role is played especially by eating habits, social and cultural environment, education, social status, economic standards and, ultimately, health and psychological condition of a person. Proper nutrition of the elderly contributes to their health and wellbeing; it is also important for recovery from the illnesses to which the elderly are more vulnerable. When providing nutrition to the elderly in hospitals, the role of nurses is important. Objective of the Thesis Four objectives were specified for the thesis: 1 To find out whether nurses follow the principles of providing nutrition to the elderly. 2 To identify the most common factors that affect nutrition of the elderly in hospitals. 3 To map the most common nutritional disorders in the elderly occurring in hospitals. 4 To find out what diet is the most common in the elderly staying in hospitals. Methodology The research qualitative inquiry was conducted in the form of covert observation. The objects of observation were the nurses working at a department of aftercare, which were observed in serving food to the elderly. The covert observations were complemented with depth interviews, also with the observed nurses working at the department aftercare. The observations were processed in Microsoft Excel in the form of tables and the interviews were processed in the Atlas.ti programme. Results The observations of the nurses in serving of food to the elderly showed that all the observed nurses failed to comply with the principles of providing nutrition to the elderly in the hospital. More or less each of the observed nurses made some mistakes. The most frequently occurring mistakes were as follows: While serving food, the nurses did not use aprons or serving overalls; the nurses did not prevent direct hand contact with the food. Almost half of the observed nurses did not provide the patients with sufficient time and the support to the patients while serving the food by the observed nurses was also inadequate. Further, nearly half of the observed nurses did not wish a Bon appetite to the patients. Also noteworthy is the latest most frequent mistake: nearly half of the nurses did not put away their aids after serving food. In the interviews, the nurses surveyed identified the most frequent factors influencing nutrition of the elderly in hospitals as follows: biological changes in old age, various types of dementia, psychological condition of the individual, co-morbidities, medication use, eating habits of the individual, the state of dentition (dental prosthesis), and the influence of the family. The most common nutritional disorders identified were as follows: absence of appetite, dehydration, excess weight, obesity and malnutrition. The most common diets eaten by the elderly in hospitals were identified as follows: diets no. 3, 9, 4, 0 and also diets in ground form, puree form and food served through an NGS (nasogastric tube). Conclusion Based on the research survey and the review of expert literature, a standard of nursing care, called "Serving food to patients with deficient self-care in nutrition", was designed for nursing staff. Nursing staff will have the opportunity to use the manual that will serve them as good practice when serving food to patients with deficient self-care in nutrition, and nurses will not consider the activity as a routine procedure.
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The issue of taking capillary blood for glycemia
KOPAČKOVÁ, Lucie
The proper technique of capillary blood sampling to determine the level of glycemia plays an important role in diagnostics and therapy of diabetes mellitus. There has been a large shift in this disease in recent years, especially in diagnostics and treatment. It is a disease characterized by high blood sugar levels. In practice, it often happens that although it is a procedure nurses carry out almost daily, during capillary blood sampling to determine the level of glycemia, a number of errors occurs. This fact inspired me to write a bachelor thesis on the topic "The issue of capillary blood sampling to determine the level of glycemia?. The empirical part of the thesis deals with both the disease Diabetes Mellitus itself and the capillary blood sampling. In the introductory part history and definition of diabetes are given, the causes of the disease, complications, diagnostics and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus are described. The issue of capillary blood sampling to determine the levels of glycemia is discussed in detail, as well as the recommended procedure of capillary blood sampling and devices designed for the sampling . The practical part of the thesis is focused on selected objectives, research questions and hypotheses. The objective of the research was to identify the factors that may affect the results of the examination, to find out whether nurses follow the recommended procedure for capillary blood sampling and to identify the most common errors nurses make during the sampling. To achieve the objectives both quantitative and qualitative research surveys were carried out. The qualitative research was conducted by observations of six nurses working in inpatient wards in České Budějovice Hospital, plc, supplemented by interviews with the nurses. The three research questions can be answered as follows. The most common factors that may affect the test results is poor sample handling, sample exposure to unsuitable temperature conditions, and forced squeeze of blood from a finger. While collecting capillary blood nurses often make mistakes in communicating with the patient, when they do not give information about the performed punction and do not properly explain the whole procedure to the patient. They wash their hands before blood sampling without using a disinfectant. The interviews gave the answer to the last research question that the most common problem the nurses are aware of during capillary blood sampling is forced squeeze of blood from a finger, poor disinfection of the punction site and a delayed transport to the laboratory. Qualitative research survey was supplemented by quantitative research, which consisted of 66 observations of capillary blood sampling, which were carried out by nurses in České Budějovice Hospital, plc. This research survey was conducted to verify the results obtained from the qualitative research. This hypothesis was formulated: H1: During capillary blood sampling to determine the level of glycemia nurses most often make mistakes in communication with the patient. Based on the quantitative research, it has been found out that the most common mistake made by nurses is a failure to use a disinfectant for hand hygiene before sampling blood (16%). The mistake in communication took the third place (14%). Based on the above results the conclusion can be made that H1: During capillary blood sampling to determine the level of glycemia nurses most often make mistakes in communication with the patient, has not been confirmed. Using the knowledge earned from literature and the conducted research I have proposed a standard of nursing care for nurses called "Capillary blood sampling to determine the level of glycemia." Nurses will have an opportunity to have a manual at hand that will serve them as a quide to correctly perform capillary blood sampling to determine the level of glycemia and they will not be consider the blood sampling to be a routine procedure.
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