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Wood wide web - plant mycelial interconnections
Antl, Tomáš ; Vohník, Martin (advisor) ; Kolaříková, Zuzana (referee)
Mycorrhizal mycelium may form a continuous network (commnon mycorrhizal network - CMN) and connect a number of plants or even entire community in an ecosystem. In the Plant World, CMNs have a number of important physiological and ecological consequences. The present work aims to create a review on current knowledge of CMNs and the associated Wood Wide Web. The next objective is to evaluate the results of individual observations and experiments that have been made on this topic. The introductory chapters 1 and 2 describe the various types of mycorrhizal symbioses (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhiza, orchid mycorrhiza, ectomycorrhiza, ericoid and monotropoid mycorrhiza), their characteristics and ability to create CMNs. The following chapters 3 and 4 describe ecophysiological consequences of common mycorrhizal networks such as maintaining stability of plant populations, invasive plants which exploit CMNs, plant communities and the hypothesis of meta-networks. Mycorrhizal mycelium allows transfer of various substances between two plants. The transferred substances include mineral nutrients (especially nitrogen and phosphorus), but also carbon organic compounds, water, signal substances, etc. The last part summarizes the knowledge on CMN, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different experimental...
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Dark septate endophytes - ubiquitous root endophytes with still unexplored ecophysiological potential
Lukešová, Tereza ; Vohník, Martin (advisor) ; Kolaříková, Zuzana (referee)
5 Abstract In natural ecosystems, all plants coexist with fungi. This results in various plant-fungus symbioses, either mutualistic, parasitic or endophytic. For example, the mycorrhizal symbiosis is a mutualistic association that occurs in ca 70 to 90 % of all terrestrial higher plants. Probably even more widespread association is endophytism, when a fungus colonizes different living plant tissues without causing a strong plant defense response. This bachelor's thesis summarizes some older as well as recent papers and reviews on the ecophysiology of the most widespread root endophytes, the Dark Septate Endophytes (DSE), and their impacts on plants. DSE are ubiquitous root colonizers of terrestrial and aquatic plants. The most frequent DSEs isolated from the roots of different plants from Northern Hemisphere belong to the Phialocephala fortinii s.l. - Acephala applanata species complex (PAC). Although some of the PAC species are able to form ectomycorrhizal structures, most of them do not form any mycorrhiza-like structures in the root. Instead, they form inter- and intracellular microsclerotia and mostly melanised septate hyphae with thick cell walls. In contrast to the mycorrhizal symbiosis, DSE do not necessarily influence the host nutrient uptake, but they may play a role in plant drought, extreme...
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