|
|
Changes in reproductive behaviour within the second demographic transtition in the selected European countries
Polesná, Helena ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Changes in reproductive behaviour within the second demographic transition in the selected european countries Abstract The aim of this work is to analyze the changes in reproductive behavior within the second demographic transition in five countries of Europe. The Czech Republic, Estonia, The Netherlands, Finland and Portugal were selected. Each of them represents one of trajectories of the second demographic transition in the European region. Within theoretical concept of the second demographic transition the research of cultural factors was particularly stressed as they are considered to be the main factors of stimulation of the changes. Attention was focused on the analysis of value orientation of selected populations using data of the European Values Study (EVS) and the International Social Survey (ISSP). Analysis of reproductive behavior in those countries was included as well. It was found out, that changes in value orientation in the post-communistic countries couldn't have been the only determinant of changes in reproductive behavior. Moreover, the value change has been still taking place even in the countries where the second demographic transition started three or four decades ago. The European-wide mechanism of the differentiation in value orientations has been identified. The holders of liberal...
|
|
|
Active fatherhood as a part of family policy in EU
Rathouská, Kateřina ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Active fatherhood as a part of family policy in EU Abstract The main objective of this thesis is to explore the conditions that determine the active involvement of men in the care of children in European Union member states and to analyze the impact of active fatherhood on the economic activity of women and fertility. A part of this study is a typology of family leaves with regard to the possibilities of fulfilling nature of active fatherhood, analysis of legislative conditions connected to paternity and parental leave as well as analysis of the Eurobarometer 59.1 survey dealing with the attitudes of men to use parental leave and the circumstances of these attitudes. The relationships between the main factors that influence the decision making of men about their participation in the care of the youngest children are analyzed and there is also tested the effect of this decision. In conclusion, the study outlines the development of conditions of childcare by men and summarizes proposals of legislative changes in conjunction of the studied issue in the Czech Republic.
|
|
|
Comparison of fertility trends and family policies in the Czech Republic and Slovakia after 1989
Gejdoš, Ernest ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to compare the development of fertility in Czech and Slovak after the year 1989. The comparison according to age specific fertility rates and children birth order is pointed out. Generational analysis aims to evaluate fundamental changes in fertility rates of 90's from the long- term point of view. In Czech the reproductive behaviour transformations were faster, the fertility shifted at the women's age about 30. The fertility rate in Slovak is expected to be more unfavourable than the fertility rate in Czech from the long-term view. I consider the possible causes of changes in reproductive behaviour using the fertility theory and population climate survey, and I compare the possible impact of family policy on fertility rate. I regard the combination of cultural, economic and institutional changes as a cause of fertility decrease in 90's. Increase in fertility rate is evidently possible only by means of extensive and conceptual changes in family policy, primarily with regard to harmonizing of work and child care. Key words: fertility, family policy, Czech, Slovak, 90's of the 20th century, fertility theory
|
|
|
Accessibility of pre-primary education in the Czech Republic
Lešetická, Zuzana ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate care services for preschool children in the Czech Republic from the perspective of a demographer. The first part is concerned with theory relating to this issue. This development of preschool education in this country with an emphasis on the period after 1990 . In the next section participation in preschool education in the districts of the Czech Republic is analyzed. As a part of analysis an international comparison is also made with selected European Union countries. A survey was carried about using a questionnaire, the results of which became an importance source helping to describe and, in some cases, illustrate the current situation in and around Prague. The final part outlines the possible future development in the numbers of children and the resulting interest in preschool care. To address the problems related to the return of women to the workplace (labor market) after maternity leave, the number of children are estimated and grouped according to the levels of education of the women.
|
|
|
Family structures, trends and prospects in the East Kazakhstan region
Ualkenova, Dinara ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Maříková, Hana (referee)
This study addresses modern types of families in the East-Kazakhstan region and their role in the development of population. Using a sample of East-Kazakhstani women interviewed in 2008 in the "Family Transformation survey," this study focuses on continuously married women and women who have been previously married. The purpose of this thesis is analysis of factors influential on the intention to be divorced. Additionally, this thesis investigates issue: how a woman's family life-course (marital status and number of children born in the first marriage) influences the risk of a post-dissolution birth among divorced women. Also this study attempts to analyze how the experience of a marital dissolution affects a woman's cumulated fertility. The results show that women who underwent a marital dissolution have lower fertility than those who remained continuously married, and that repartnering enables this group of women to recapture the fertility lost with the dissolution of the first marriage. With a rise in divorce rates and existing differences of post-dissolution marital behaviors for those who have been previously married, it has become important to account for the type of dissolution (widowhood or divorce) of a union when analyzing partnership formation after the breakdown of a union. Additionally, this...
|
|
|
A second child in the family - The consequences of changing family and fertility patterns in the Czech Republic
Šťastná, Anna ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee) ; Kuchařová, Věra (referee)
A Second Child in the Family - the Consequences of Changing Family and Fertility Patterns in the Czech Republic Anna Šťastná Abstract The theme of this study is the two-child family model and second order births in the context of a changing Czech society. The study investigates the conditions and context surrounding the birth of a second child and the general values associated with children and focuses on selected factors associated with the decision-making process surrounding having a second child including the factors that a woman takes into account when deciding whether to have another child. Furthermore, the author studies the determinants of having a second child in Czech society and the relationship between the likelihood of the birth of a second child and different micro-level covariates and attempts to provide an explanation of the processes acting upon second childbearing through interaction with education and partnerships/union dynamics. The thesis is divided into three thematic sections. Following the introductory chapters, the first part of the study addresses fertility patterns in the Czech Republic, societal conditions and theoretical concepts which deal with possible explanations for changing fertility behaviour. The second part of the study considers decision-making processes and value...
|
|
|
Childlessness in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Austria
Hodovníková, Ilona ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Childlessness in the Czech Republic, Germany, and Austria Abstract The main goal of this thesis is to examine and compare the state of childlessness in the Czech Republic, the Federal Republic of Germany and Austria. In Germany particularly, childlessness has become a phenomenon and a society-wide issue. Austria, where childlessness is at a high level in comparison with other European countries is in a similar situation. Data analysis in this thesis showed that childlessness is more widespread in the former West Germany and Austria than in the Czech Republic and former East Germany. This difference is caused, among other things, by the pro-natal policies adopted in the former communist countries which led to a temporary increase in total fertility rate. Further, the thesis deals with the perception of parenthood and childlessness in society on the basis of the European Values Study 2008 international survey and with the relationship between the ideal and preferred number of children on the basis of the Eurobarometer 2006 international survey. The results of the surveys show that childlessness cannot be considered as a new kind of lifestyle, and that the preferred family form still involves two children. Considerable part of the study focuses on the causes and consequences of childlessness and its possible...
|
|
|
Seasonality of main demographic trends in the past and present; determinants and international perspective
Fraindová, Lucie ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
In the present thesis is compared the seasonality of births, deaths and marriages in the 18th century in the regions of the Czech lands with the current situation in the 20th and 21st century. In both periods is comparison with the course of seasonal patterns in selected countries. Described are the various determinants which influence the seasonality of demographic processes with considerable attention to the influence of climate. Relationship of seasonal country profiles has been studied in groups of states from the same climatic belt with cointegration of time series according to two climate classifications. According to the conventional climatic classifications is chosen Köppen-Geiger climate classification and according to the genetic classifications is chosen Alisov's climate classification. The relationship has been demonstrated in temperate latitude belt according Alisova, moist subtropical mid-latitude and moist continental mid-latitude climate according to Köppen-Geiger. Yet there is no relationship on the basis of which could be clearly demonstrated the influence of climate on demographic processes.
|
|
|
Relationship between family policies and fertility in Bulgaria and Romania
Krejčí, Anna ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Aim of this work is to analyse trends in fertility and developments in family policy in Bulgaria and Romania. The study is focused on different measures of family policy in both countries and it tries to clarify their impact on fertility. An investigated period starts from 1960's with an emphasis on the changes after the collapse of the Eastern Bloc. The basic source of data is Human Fertility Database, Council of Europe and Eurostat. Transversal and longitudinal indicators of fertility and method of decomposition are used. The principle of this method is breakdown of deviation from the average fertility rates in a given period. The method allows to distinguish influence of given period and influence of cohorts.
|
|
|
Induced abortion in developed countries:trends and law
Pachlová, Tereza ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Induced abortion in developed countries: trends and law Abstract The objective of this study is to give a comprehensive overview of law and trends in induced abortion in developed countries and to analyse and to evaluate patterns, which are typical for selected countries. In the first part, approaches to induced abortion are discussed and development in abortion law is described, in the second part, trends of induced abortion are analysed over time and by age of woman. As a tool, methods of demographic analysis of induced abortion and some statistical methods are applied. Induced abortions from other than health reasons are currently legally permitted in 25 of 28 analysed countries. Significant differences among developed countries not only in quantum of induced abortion but also in the structure of induced abortion by the age of woman were found by the analysis. Besides the law of induced abortions, the most important factor for indicators of induced abortions is prevalence of modern contraception methods. With the spreading difference of their use, the difference among countries in induced abortion decrease. Keywords: induced abortion, law, abortion rate, developed countries
|
guest ::
RSS feed.