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Relationship between Stock Returns and Net Income: Evidence from U.S. Market
Kolář, Michal ; Kočenda, Evžen (advisor) ; Krištoufek, Ladislav (referee)
It is important to know if earnings variables influence stock returns. This is important not just for investors who want to know what drives stock returns, but also for the overall economy as stock returns and stock markets are also considered to be significant indicators of its performance. Many studies were conducted in the past but with inconclusive results. The aim of the thesis is to examine the relationship between net income and stock returns using two approaches, namely panel data model and multiple linear regression. We utilize a dataset of companies selected from the S&P500 Index. We also analyse possible heterogeneity in cross section and time. Moreover, we incorporate additional factors which have been proven to have significant explanation power for stock returns. Our findings from the panel data estimation suggest that there is no relationship between scaled net income and stock returns. We find there are random effects present between the companies and three structural breaks in time. Furthermore, we explore the significance of the consumer sentiment index and the percentage change in the book value per share variables in the panel estimation. We do not confirm the debt to equity ratio and the GDP growth news factors in the panel estimation as significant. Results concerning the...
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Market Reaction to Earnings Announcements and (In)Efficiency of Financial Markets: Cross-sector Analysis
Prucek, Pavel ; Kočenda, Evžen (advisor) ; Teplý, Petr (referee)
Using the sample of three largest stocks from seven main market sectors in the US, the thesis examines the effect of information content of earnings announce ments on market reaction across sectors. Our findings prove the asymmetry of market reaction to different earnings surprise categories with negative-surprise reaction being the most profound. The financial markets tend to be less ef ficient in response to negative earnings surprises. Leakage of information is not present suggesting that insider trading is well-mitigated on the US capital markets. Furthermore, we investigate the market reaction to earnings surprises in different sectors separately and find that Consumer Staples and IT sector tend to be the most sensitive, on the contrary Telecommunication and Energy sector tend to be the least sensitive. G14; G15; G30JEL Classification Keywords Earnings announcement; Market reaction; Mar ket efficiency; Cross-sector analysis; Corpo rate disclosure; Insider trading; Post-earnings- announcement drift A u th o r's e-m ail p a v e l.prucekSgm ail. com S u p erv iso r's e-m ail kocenda@f s v . c u n i. cz
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Effect of foreign exchange interventions on volatility of dollar/yen exchange rate
Filippova, Daria ; Kočenda, Evžen (advisor) ; Dědek, Oldřich (referee)
Japanese monetary authorities used to employ various intervention techniques to adjust the level of the dollar/yen exchange rate and reduce its volatility. Application of the GARCH-in- mean model for estimation of the effect of these operations demonstrates that depreciating interventions reduced volatility effectively from 1995 until 2002. Frequent interventions of the small scale had a tendency to increase volatility during period 1991-1995. Foreign exchange interventions conducted by US Fed have increasing, means negative, effect, on the conditional variance. Frequent interventions of the great scale do not affect the volatility; it is determined mostly by the persistent level of the conditional variance from the latter periods. Recent interventions conducted by the Bank of Japan after the financial crisis do not show any considerable effect on both the volatility and the level of the exchange rate.
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Inflation Convergence in the European Union: the effect of monetary regimes, the global financial crisis and the zero lower bound
Brož, Václav ; Kočenda, Evžen (advisor) ; Holub, Tomáš (referee)
Synchronizace inflačních cyklů je jednou z podmínek teorie optimální měnové unie, a jelikož bude jednoho dne valná většina členských států EU používat euro, zdá se analýza konvergence jejich inflačních měr jako rozumná i z dnešního pohledu. Používáme data měřítka harmonizovaného indexu spotřebitelských cen, jakož i velmi flexibilní model zdánlivě nesouvisejících regresních modelů a podáváme důkaz o všeobecně rozšířeném, setrvalém a robustním výskytu konvergence inflace v celé EU mezi lety 1999 a 2016. Navíc nám naše metodologie umožňuje zahrnout do modelu řadu dummy proměnných indikujících konkrétní období s možným dopadem na konvergenci inflace. V tomto smyslu ukazujeme, že měnové režimy zaměřené na cenovou stabilitu (inflační cílování, opatření omezující pohyb měnového kurzu) mají příznivý dopad, období globální finanční krize a nulové dolní meze se obecně nejeví jako rušivé, zatímco efekt zavádění společného evropského práva zůstává nejistý. Naše hlavní závěry implikují, že synchronizace inflace zřejmě nepředstavuje problém pro další rozšíření Eurozóny.
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Volatility transmission between oil prices and European stock market
Nechvátalová, Lenka ; Kočenda, Evžen (advisor) ; Kuc, Matěj (referee)
This thesis examines transmissions of returns and volatility between crude oil and stock indices from different sectors of economy. We will be using daily Brent crude futures and Euro Stoxx sector indices from 1992 to 2017. For the analysis we employ bivariate VAR BEKK-GARCH model to simultaneously estimate the conditional mean and variance equations, to investigate the causal relationships between the variables. In addition we use the results of our estimation to calculate optimal portfolio weights and hedge ratios. The results show Granger causality from oil to most of the individual sectors, reverse relationship exists in two cases. We found unidirectional volatility spillovers from stock sectors to oil in majority of cases and in 4 sectors the spillover was bidirectional. Keywords volatility transmissions, VAR GARCH model, crude oil prices, stock sector indices 1
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(How) Does low inflation in euro area affect inflation in the Czech Republic?
Veselý, Vladimír ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Kočenda, Evžen (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to identify domestic and foreign shocks that mostly explain variation in the Czech price level. This goal is accomplished by the use of structural vector autoregression. As the Czech Republic is considered to be a small open economy, it is crucial to include foreign variables into the model which are represented by shocks in euro zone. Furthermore, a block exogeneity restriction is imposed because it is unlikely that shocks in the Czech economy can influence macroeconomic development in euro zone. The results of the thesis indicate that foreign shocks explain 70% variability in Czech price level out of which 50% is explained by euro zone's price level shocks. It is likely that in near future Czech economy will experience deflation for a while. Nevertheless, by 2018 Czech inflation rate should be in 1-3% band.
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Interest rate pass-through in the Eastern Europe: Case of Albania - An empirical Analysis
Hoxha, Mimi ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Kočenda, Evžen (referee)
The study of interest pass through has been on the core attention of researchers since it serves as an incentive to evaluate the accuracy of monetary policy transmission mechanism. Therefore there are a lot of studies conducted under this topic encompassing a large number of countries and data. My aim, inspired by the great previous works, is to develop the same topic but by focusing on Balkan countries and more specifically on Albania. Being a developing country located on the heart of Balkan while aspiring the EU integration, Albania has gone under a considerable number of economic reforms which are also reflected on the degree and speed of transmission of policy rates to landing rates and on the determinants of such rates. Crisis of 2008 had a global impact but yet several conducted studies revealed that Albania was not directly affected by it. My contribution to this thesis consists in measuring how the pass-through mechanism performance was affected by the crisis and the implications derived from it. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Potential Output, Output Gap and Great Recession in the Eurozone
Habiňák, Ladislav ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Kočenda, Evžen (referee)
The thesis regarding output gap estimation is divided into two sections. The first part evaluates the latent potential output of euro area since 1998. The emphasis is put on the inquiry of usefulness of such estimates. The main findings resulting from this analysis are that, while ex-post assessment of potential output can serve as an effective tool for description of economy's behaviour in the past, the estimates evaluated in real-time are surrounded by huge amount of uncertainty which causes them to be of low reliability. For example, when searching for a structural break in the development of potential output, estimates of all models lay in one year range suggesting it to happen approximately at the end of 2007. On the other hand, the directions of output gaps evaluated at the end of real time data vintages were the same only 60% times. The second part of the thesis concerns with applicability of output gap estimates to inflation forecasting. The results show very little or no added value of such predictive modelling as autoregressive models of inflation perform comparable or significantly better forecasts for the euro area in medium and short term. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Essays in Financial Econometrics
Avdulaj, Krenar ; Baruník, Jozef (advisor) ; Di Matteo, Tiziana (referee) ; Kočenda, Evžen (referee) ; Witzany, Jiří (referee)
vi Abstract Proper understanding of the dependence between assets is a crucial ingredient for a number of portfolio and risk management tasks. While the research in this area has been lively for decades, the recent financial crisis of 2007-2008 reminded us that we might not understand the dependence properly. This crisis served as catalyst for boosting the demand for models capturing the dependence structures. Reminded by this urgent call, literature is responding by moving to nonlinear de- pendence models resembling the dependence structures observed in the data. In my dissertation, I contribute to this surge with three papers in financial econo- metrics, focusing on nonlinear dependence in financial time series from different perspectives. I propose a new empirical model which allows capturing and forecasting the conditional time-varying joint distribution of the oil - stocks pair accurately. Em- ploying a recently proposed conditional diversification benefits measure that con- siders higher-order moments and nonlinear dependence from tail events, I docu- ment decreasing benefits from diversification over the past ten years. The diver- sification benefits implied by my empirical model are, moreover, strongly varied over time. These findings have important implications for asset allocation, as the benefits of...
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Coexceedance in Exchange Rates - Analysis of Contagion in Central and Eastern European Countries
Bláhová, Pavla ; Horváth, Roman (advisor) ; Kočenda, Evžen (referee)
The objective of this thesis is to examine the contagion in Central and Easter European countries, namely in Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland. From all possible propagation channels, it chooses to focus on exchange rates. The method of coexceedance with consequent quantile regression is employed. We find that coexceedance does occur but not as frequently as assumed. The coexceedance occurs more frequently during the depreciation of the currencies. The persistence effect is very significant and the coexceedances are ``continual'' rather than ``correcting'' for previous extremes. We found evidence for both asset class effect and volatility effect. These effects have different impact during the 2008 Financial Crisis most of the times. An evidence for both Hungarian and Polish government bond yields having influence on the coexceedance with Czech Republic. Surprisingly, we did not find evidence for oil market influence on coexceedance.
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