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Nitrogen and carbon transformation processes in soil in permanent grasslands - research in cattle overwintering area
Šimek, Miloslav ; Hynšt, Jaroslav ; Čuhel, Jiří ; Elhottová, Dana ; Chroňáková, Alica ; Němcová, Anna ; Jirout, Jiří ; Krištůfek, Václav
Agricultural soils represent a significant source of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane). Pasture soils and especially overwintering areas receive large amounts of nutrients as animal excrements. Together with other effects, this creates good conditions for high rates of nitrogen and carbon transformations, and also for substantial losses in the form of gaseous metabolites. This paper informs on research of a specific model ecosystem – the cattle overwintering area. Research is focused either on the structure of soil microbial community and on its activities including the formation of gases in, and their emission from the soil to atmosphere.
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Změny ve společenstvech půdní mikroflóry a mesofauny během rozkladu listového opadu ve dvou vegetačních zónách - litter bag experiment
Jirout, Jiří ; Petrásek, Jiří ; Čápová, Lenka ; Farská, Jitka ; Jínová, Kristýna ; Rusek, Josef ; Krištůfek, Václav ; Elhottová, Dana ; Starý, Josef ; Nováková, Alena
The hypothesis, whether autochthonous species of soil biota are able to decompose litter from lower vegetation zones in higher zones, was tested by field trial. Litterbags with litter of beech (.i.Fagus sylvatica./i. L.) and/or oak (.i.Quercus robur./i. L.) were exposed in beech and spruce forest on the mountain Kleť (Protected Landscape Area Blanský les). Litterbags layout simulated vegetation zones shift to the higher altitude induced by global warming. There were used litterbags with three different mesh size (42 µm, 0,5 mm, 2 mm) for exclusion of certain parts of edaphon. Several changes of soil bacteria and micromycetes, oribatid mites, springtails and gamasid mites were studied during two years of exposition. There were exposed 480 litterbags at the start of the experiment (November 2002). After 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 months of exposition parts of all litterbags were recovered. Immediately after the sampling litter pH(KCl), moisture and mass loss were measured.
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Použití metody Sherlock MIS System pro identifikaci bakteriálních izolátů z lesního opadu – předběžné výsledky
Jirout, Jiří ; Petrásek, Jiří ; Elhottová, Dana ; Krištůfek, Václav ; Nováková, Alena ; Rusek, Josef
This work has been related to the effect of climatic changes (especially warming) on communities of forest litter bacteria. We simulated this effect with use of litter bags with beech and/or oak litter transported to beech and spruce forest. After 2, 6 and 12 months of exposition we collected and analysed the samples. We measured quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bacteria and micromycetes community structure in all variants of forest/litter combinations (number of CFU, description of bacterial morphotypes, identification of dominant bacterial morphotypes with MIDI Sherlock Microbial Identification System). We found out that there were differencies in diversity in all variants in exposition time. From the first to the third sampling the CFU bacterial number has decreased whereas CFU micromycetes number has increased. Multivariate comparison (PCA based on relative distribution of bacterial morphotypes in samples) separated the oak litter bacterial community in spruce forest soil as the most different variant among the others.
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