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Molecular mechanisms regulating participation of neural crest on developmental processes and homeostasis in selected localizations
Krejčí, Eliška ; Grim, Miloš (advisor) ; Hampl, Aleš (referee) ; Jendelová, Pavla (referee)
This PhD thesis focuses on the study of neural crest (NC) properties and mechanisms regulating its development. It is based on four original papers, two of which are wholy concerning NC. In the first project we showed that transcription factor C-MYB is expressed in majority of cells in the developing chick embryo. Its expression level is elevated in neural folds and migrating NC cells. Other experiments showed that this elevated level of intracellular c-Myb influences induction and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of NC cells, and that c-Myb lies within the BMP4 signalling cascade. In the second project we explored the spatio-temporal specification along the antero-posterior axis of the limb bud - a mechanism significantly regulating also NC development. We showed that deletion of regulatory element of Plzf transcription repressor gene caused decrease of Plzf expression in the limb buds followed by anterior expansion of its downstream genes (Hoxd10-13) expression domains only in the hind limb, with a resulting additional finger. The third paper studies developmental origin of medial border of mammalian scapula. We showed that its cells originate from somites and not in NC. In the last project we studied NC stem cells isolated from human adult hair follicles. These cells express NC stem cell...
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název v anglickém jazyce není uveden
Kříž, Jan ; Saudek, František (advisor) ; Jendelová, Pavla (referee) ; Haluzík, Martin (referee)
Islet transplantation represents an alternative approach in the treatment of patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus. It makes possible to give insulin-producing tissue to patients, which could not underwent surgery operative due to ill health. The second benefit of tissue transplantation is utilization of pancreases unsuitable for organ transplantation in term of surgical criteria. The dissertation includes two studies focused on study of some problems of islet transplantation. In the first study was tested a new method for induction of microchimerism by bone marrow transplantation and its effect on islet allograft survival. We reported, that short-term tacrolimus therapy significantly prolonged insulin independence in fully allogeneic rat model even if the immunosupresants were discontinued. Conditioning of recipients with bone marrow cells transplantation had not additional effect. In the second study there is presented an approach for imaging of intrahepatally-sited islets. The technique is based on labeling of islets by non-toxic superparamagnetic agent during two day culture. After transplantation islets are imaged as hypointense spots on T2 weighing magnetic resonance sections in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Outstanding changes in MR images were demonstrated during acute rejection of...
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