|
|
Trends and forecasts in the technology of artificial disc replacement
Bodlák, Daniel ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Říha, Michal (referee) ; Jíra, Aleš (referee)
1/1 škola: UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE, Fakulta tělesné výchovy a sportu disertační práce: "Trends and forecasts in the technology of artificial disc replacement" autor: Ing. Daniel Bodlák datum: prosinec 2023 Abstract: The aim of the work was the study of current and new directions and trends in intervertebral disc replacement technology, a critical evaluation of current methods using implants for the treatment of degenerative disc disease, as well as a forecast of further development. The work also contains the related results of the collaboration on the optimization of the total "ball and socket" lumbar disc replacement within the project TA01010860 "Solving the problem of intervertebral disc replacement using modern knowledge, engineering methods and progressive technologies". In the part of the dissertation, focused on theoretical starting points, the attention is paid first to the intervertebral disc itself and its various aspects, from anatomy, through biomechanics and degenerative diseases, to the issue of implants for its partial or even total replacement. Subsequently, current trends and progressive methods of treatment are processed. The results section begins with a description of the methods used and then presents the results themselves, both from literature research and experimental work....
|
|
|
Analysis of the localization of the impact impulse and its course during a collision between a dummy and a tram
Vrabčeková, Kristýna ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Title: Analysis of the localization of the impact impulse and its course during a collision between a dummy and a tram Objectives: To create a mehodical thesis dealing with the analysis of the impact impulse during a collision between Jasti Hybrid III dummy and different types of trams (T3, KT8D5, 14T and 15T), based on data of the acceleration of individual segmments during a side collision at speed of 15 km/h. Methods: The thesis presents a method of working with acceleration data of individual body segments of a dummy during a collision with tram, in order to interpret the course of the impact impulse. Data are interpreted using newly introduced PIIC (Parametr Implementing Injury Criterion), which was calculated using the Microsowt software program and graphically interpreted using the Origin 2023 program. Results: The method of analysis of the impact impulse during the collision between a dummy and a tram based on the PIIC (and also PIICkum) seems to be a useful tool for interpreting the course of this impulse. When comparing the PIC results, an obvious connection was found with the analysis of video recordings of individual experimental measurements. Keywords: tram-pedestrian collision, analysis of primary impact, injury criteria, pedestrian safety
|
|
|
Selected methods of biomechanical analysis of human movement in the aquatic environment
Vrabčeková, Kristýna ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Title: Selected methods of biomechanical analysis of human movement in the aquatic environment Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to study the issue of biomechanical analysis and to acquaint the reader with selected methods of kinematic analysis of human movement in the aquatic environment. Methods: The bachelor's thesis is based on available scientic literature and is written by the method of literary research. The majority of provided information is from avaible foreign sources and has been searched by online databases. The stated articles and books have been selected with regard to the correspondence with the theme and focus of a chapter. Results: The thesis introduces the issue of biomechanical analysis of human movement and presents four selected methods of analysis of human movement in aquatic environment and their applications. These are: markerless 2D cinematographic analysis, marker based 3D cinematographic analysis, markerless 3D cinematographic analysis and kinematic analysis using inertial magnetic sensors. The thesis captures characteristics of the selected methods considering the specific conditions of the aquatic environment. Keywords: biomechanics, biomechanical analysis of human movement, underwater motion capture, kinematic analysis underwater,
|
|
|
Automotive neck injury indicators in relation to dummy - tram interaction
Ország, Artur ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Title: Automotive neck injury indicators in relation to dummy-tram interaction Objectives The aim of the work is to evaluate the performer crash tests between the dummy and the vehicle in terms of the thread of the health of the neck and to determine which type of tram creates the smallest risk of health of the neck (cervical spine) at the specified speeds. Methods: This diploma thesis is conducted in form of a pilot study. The first part of the work contains theoretical starting points regarding the discussed topic. The second part analyzes the results of the crash tests and answers the research questions and examines the given hypotheses. Results: The most dangerous, concerning the structure of the neck, were collisions in the highest speed - 20 km/h. The highest values and highest probability of injuries with AIS 2+ and 3+ value were measured in this speed. The type of tram that was most dangerous for the structure of the next were T3 and KT8 and the least dangerous was 15T. Keywords: Tram, tram transport, neck, neck injury, crash tests, injury criteria, neck structure
|
|
|
Test dummy validation - differences in human mechanical response
Literová, Lucie ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Šorfová, Monika (referee)
Title: Validation of the test dummy - differences in human mechanical response Objectives: The main goal of this thesis was to verify the usability of the Dummy Hybrid III for crash tests in the transport industry (the front and side directions). Methods: In the presented thesis, experimental methods were used to achieve the goal. The measurement of small impacts in laboratory conditions was carried out using the pendulum of the Department of Anatomy and Biomechanics of the UK FTVS. The measurement was performed on humans as well as on the Dummy Hybrid III. We monitored the reactions in the thoracic spine (thoracic vertebra Th5) and on the top of the head after impacts by a pendulum on certain areas on the human body/dummy. Impacts were delivered in four different intensities to the forehead, temporal bone, chest, shoulder and thigh. The measured impact quantity was the impact velocity. The observed magnitude of the response on the human body and dummy was the magnitude of the resulting acceleration in the area of the Th5 thoracic vertebra and the top of the head. Results: The results of this work have expanded the knowledge in the field of crash tests in the transport industry. Thanks to the obtained results, there was verified the suitability of the laboratory model of the pendulum for further...
|
|
|
Evaluation of functional biomechanical parameters of locomotion depending on the performed amputation in LL
Blažek, Michal ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Šorfová, Monika (referee)
Title: Evaluation of functional biomechanical locomotion parameters depending on the performed amputation in LL Objectives: The goals of this thesis are the following: to compare asymmetry in step cycle time, pelvis, hip and knee movement and lower limb loading while walking, also to compare sagittal movement of pelvis while walking, postural stability in stance and subjective scoring of the functional skills and the quality of life in healthy controls, transfemoral and knee disarticulation amputees. Methods: 6 healthy controls and 3 amputees in each amputation group were included in this experiment. Qualisys motion capture system and Kistler force plates to collect objective data and specific sections of Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire for subjective scoring were used. The participants were observed while level walking forward and backward with self-selected speed and in a quiet stance with eyes either open or closed with narrow support base. Statistical analysis was carried out in Microsoft Excel. Results: In terms of asymmetry assessment of the selected ambulation parameters there were identified more symmetrical values in the knee disarticulation group in 63 % of 33 monitored parameters. However, statistical significance was exceeded only in a single parameter. Concerning pelvic movement in...
|
|
|
Mechanics and consequences of impact head load
Plešková, Kristína ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Title: Mechanics and consequences of the head load impact. Objectives: The objective of the main part of the diploma thesis is the analysis of the data obtained during crash-test experiments, using a tram and a Hybrid III test dummy. The aim of the analysis is to describe the effect of mechanical load on the human head during collisions at different tram velocities, the position of the dummy and the types of front bodies of tram sets. Method: The work has the character of experimental research based on the results of a crash test and confirmation or refutation of hypotheses. Four types of tram sets used in Prague (T3, KT8D5, T14, T15) and a Hybrid III crash test dummy were used for the research. Based on the selected criteria, a contact impact of the tram into the dummy was performed and individual components of the acceleration vector were recorded. Obtained data were processed in Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and magnitude of the acceleration vector was calculated Head impact criterion (HIC) and Abbreviated injury scale (AIS) were used for assessment of the impact and porbability of severe head injury. The experiment took place on the tram track in the central workshops of DPP, in cooperation with UK FTVS, VUKV a.s., ŠKODA Transportation, Advance Engeneering and. No need for the approval of the...
|
|
|
Pathological consequences of hypokinesis in paraplegic patient and their identification by TVS method
Vavrová, Dominika ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Čichoň, Rostislav (referee)
Thesis title: Pathological consequences of hypokinesis in paraplegic patient and their identification by TVS method The thesis focus: The focus of the thesis was to identify and classify differences of mechanical properties of axial systems between paraplegic patient and people from healthy population. Secondary focus of the thesis was to identify and classify changes of mechanical properties of axial system in paraplegic patient depending on physiotherapeutic intervention. The research methods: Three people, one paraplegic person and two healthy people were measured with TVS (Transfer Vibration Through Spine) method. Paraplegic person was measured twice, before and after one hour long physiotherapeutic intervention (PI). Healthy people were measured once, without PI. TVS method is a diagnostic apparatus that enables qualitative and quantitative classification of properties of axial skeleton and its segments. It is based on fact that velocity of mechanical waves and density of mechanical energy transmitting through axial skeleton is affected by properties of this system. Thus we were able to analyze and identify mechanical properties of measured axial systems according to differences of input and output values of acceleration on particular spinous processes. The results: When we compared frequency...
|
|
|
Knee osteoarthritis: a biological response to medication class SYSADOA
Kurková, Eva ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee)
Author: Bc. Eva Kurková Title: Knee osteoarthritis: a biological response to medication class SYSADOA Problem definition: Knee osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease which belongs to the most common musculoskeletal diseases. The disease is associated with pain of the knee joints, which causes patients' limitations in activities of daily living. Therefore, the objective of the treatment of osteoarthritis is to reduce the pain and a progression of the disease. To achieve these aims, conservative or surgical methods are used. The conservative methods include, among others, the pharmacological treatment. Since the medicaments from the class SYSADOA are easily available we can use them during treatment. Aim of the thesis: The aim of the thesis is to determine the effect of SYSADOA medication on the 2nd and 3rd degree of the knee osteoarthritis. The effect is determined by patients' subjective evaluations and by the changes of the rheological properties of the knee joint. Method: The survey contains an anamnesis questionnaire and the clinical examination of the knee joint. The rheological properties of the knee joint are evaluated by a special device - knee rheometer that non-invasively and painlessly measures the dependence of the passive resistance of the knee joint on its bending angle. To...
|
|
|
Identificators hypokinetic load by driving
Tluchořová, Terezie ; Jelen, Karel (advisor) ; Lopot, František (referee)
Title: Hypokinetic load Identificators by driving vehicle Objectives: Development and testing of methods for determining changes in the mechanical parameters of the axial system of professional long-distance drivers. Design and testing procedure for clinical and physical examination sensitive to changes, that occur due to vibration and static load when driving the truck. Methods: TVS method, morphology of the spine, measurement of vibration exposure Results: TVS method that was used in the thesis has proved to provide information on the resonant frequency of the resonant frequency and the total attenuation of the spine with sufficient precision to ride their influence was clearly identifiable. Used accelerometer measurement of oscillations vibrational excitation spine has also proved applicable and provides objective parameters. Keywords: TVS method, vibration, hypokinesia, acceleration, driving, LBP
|
guest ::
