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Assessment of in vitro antioxidant properties of medicinal and edible plant extracts
Tauchen, Jan ; Kokoška, Ladislav (advisor) ; Jaromír , Jaromír (referee)
Identification and characterization of plant-based products with antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects has received much interest over the past few years as possible therapeutic mean for treatment of diseases likely to be associated to oxidative stress (such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer). This study provides characterization of in vitro antioxidant and/or anti-proliferative potential and phytochemical profile of (i) 39 wine samples of underutilized Georgian grapevine cultivars, (ii) extracts of 22 samples of medicinal plants from Ethiopia and (iii) 23 samples of edible and medicinal plants from Peruvian Amazon. For this purpose, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical assay (DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, total phenolic content (TPC), and cell viability assay based on metabolization of tetrazolium bromide (MTT) to formazan, together with methods based on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-ultra violet/visible spectrometry and HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry) were used. Georgian red wines (particularly Saperavi cultivars) exhibited higher antioxidant capacity (average DPPH and ORAC values at 5.1 and = 10.6 g TE/L wine, respectively) in comparison to Central and West European cultivars [Pinot Noir (DPPH = 3.1 and ORAC = 9.4 g TE/L wine), Cabernet Sauvignon (DPPH = 3.0 and ORAC = 7.3 g TE/L wine) and Cabernet Moravia (DPPH = 2.0 and ORAC = 8.5 g TE/L wine)]. Georgian wines contained significantly greater concentrations of quercetin (between 14.44 and 1.07 ug/mL), kaempferol (between 1.68 and 0.03 ug/mL) and syringic acid (between 12.59 and 4.72 ug/mL), whereas possessed lower quantities of resveratrol (between 5.11 and 0.32 ug/mL) in comparison to Central and West European wines. Amongst edible and medicinal plants from Ethiopia and Peruvian Amazon, only Dodonaea angustifolia (IC50 for DPPH = 22.2 ug/mL, ORAC = 767.6 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 = 120.0 ug/mL), Rumex nepalensis (IC50 for DPPH = 5.7 ug/mL, ORAC = 1061.4 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 = 50.5 ug/mL), Inga edulis (DPPH and ORAC = 337.0 and 795.7 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 and HT-29 = 36.3 and 57.9 ug/mL) and Oenocarpus bataua (DPPH and ORAC = 903.8 and 1024.4 ug TE/mg extract; IC50 for Hep-G2 and HT-29 = 102.6 and 38.8 ug/mL) have demonstrated combinatory antioxidant/anti-proliferative efficacy. Selective anti-proliferative activity was observed for Verbascum sinaiticum (IC50 for Hep-G2 = 80.6 ug/mL) and Annona montana (IC50 for Hep-G2 and HT-29 = 2.7 and 9.0 ug/mL, respectively). Above-mentioned plant material showed only weak or non-toxic effects towards normal cell line. Despite the fact that extracts of Jasminum abyssinicum (IC50 for DPPH = 26.3 ug/mL, ORAC = 1023.7 ug TE/mg extract), Rumex nepalensis (IC50 for DPPH = 5.7 ug/mL, ORAC = 1061.4 ug TE/mg extract), Mauritia flexuosa (DPPH and ORAC = 1062.9 and 645.9 ug TE/mg extract), Myrciaria dubia (DPPH and ORAC = 641.9 and 642.6 ug TE/mg extract) and Theobroma grandiflorum (DPPH and ORAC = 714.8 and 821.9 ug TE/mg extract) have exhibited considerable antioxidant effect, these species were found to possess moderate to low anti-proliferative potential or have shown to be toxic to normal cells line. In all cases it was detected that phenolic compounds content correlated strongly with antioxidant activity, however weakly with anti-proliferative effect. Results suggest above-mentioned species as prospective materials for further development of novel plant-based agents effective against oxidative stress related diseases. However, it is necessary to perform further research which would be focused on detailed characterization of their chemical composition, pharmacological effects and toxicological safety, in order to verify their possible practical use.
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Risk elements contamination in Kutná Hora region and possibilities of its usage in paleoenvironmental research
Horák, Jan ; Hejcman, Michal (advisor) ; Jaromír, Jaromír (referee)
The dissertation focuses on topic of using risk elements contamination as a stratigraphic marker in palaeoenvironmental research. The contamination is not studied only as itself, but is viewed as a way to analyse and interpret the sedimentary record of historical events. The contamination carries the information about its original place, its original activity, about development of the landscape.
The Kutná Hora region (central Bohemia; 49°57'0.170"N, 15°15'59.877"E) is a region of important historic mining and smelting activity. The mining started in 13th century and lasted until half of 16th century. Then only sporadic attempts of renewal were made. Spatially limited mining was renewed in second half of the 20th century. Therefore, it is highly probable to find here the contaminants in the role of stratigraphic markers. In the research were used mainly As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, V and Zn as these are the most analysed in contamination studies performed in the region.
The aims of the dissertation were to answer these questions:
To characterize the contamination
- Are some risk elements typical for the contamination originating from the mining and smelting?
- If so, is their environmental (spatial, sedimentary) manifestation diversified?
- Is possible diversity spatially related to particular landscape features or areas?
- Is possible diversity connected to particular activities?
To use the answers in analysis of particular sites
- Is it possible to use the risk elements contamination as stratigraphic marker in fluvial sediments?
- How is the interpretation of particular site influenced by the whole context of regional contamination?
The core of the research is the metaanalysis of contamination data coming from region (the data obtained by our research and also from other studies). The results have brought not only basic characteristics of contamination, mainly concentrations. The crucial result was the structure of studied elemental complex. Only As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn are connected to contamination originating in mining and smelting. Other elements - their concentrations and spatial distributions - are uninfluenced by mining and smelting activities. More, the information about connection of As and Cd to mining and Cu, Pb and Zn to smelting was revealed. Both groups recorded with different spatial distributions. Also comparison of results by different approaches has shown that some statistical processing (clr-transformation) of such dataset was much better for interpretation than analyses of only concentrations values.
We studied also the area of confluence of two rivers - Klejnárka (main river draining contaminated region), which is tributary to Labe (Elbe) river. The contamination is still recognizable here, but the diversity between contamination elements is not. The confluence of rivers strongly dilutes the contaminated material. The concentrations decrease. Also here clr-transformation of data enabled to analyse structures of contaminants spatial distribution unrecognizable by concentrations values.
We performed also two vertical profiles analyses. It was shown, that it is highly risky to interpret data of such origin without the complex information about regional contamination context. It was revealed by contextual interpretation of data from one of the profiles, that there is a mixing of geochemical data coming from different statistical populations. The contamination works there as only one of the factors influencing sedimentary record. The site is therefore suitable for statistical testing of two populations mixing, outliers` detection and the like.
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Comparison between yellow-flowering hybrid WOSR varieties and white-flowering OP variety Witt in Flower Power System crop management in Agro Rubín a.s.
Vysoký, Josef ; Baranyk, Petr (advisor) ; Jaromír, Jaromír (referee)
Goal of this thesis is to compare yellow flowering hybrid WOSR varieties growth in conventional agriculture to white flowering OP variety growth in Flower Power System (FPS). We also have to confirm/deny that OP variety Witt is at least the same profitable as hybrid varieties (HV), due to the ecological and economical advantages of the FPS.
The effect of FPS is in growing Witt variety sown around by earlier yellow flowering variety buffer strip. The yellow flowering strip should be wide as minimum as plant protection sprayer, in this case it was 24 m. The buffer strip was sown by OP variety Cortes.
Primary tillage plowing was done immediately after the forecrop of winter barley harvest and after application of organic manure - pig manure on crushed straw. Sowing all studied varieties was conducted in the period 11th to 21st August 2014.
Autumn crop emergence and development carried out evenly, no significant pest damage was observed, due to the warm weather was needed triple application of morphoregulator. To winter crops entered with a sufficient number of true leaves, strong root neck and joined rosette of leaves.
Spring crop development launched very soon, thanks to a mild winter hibernating varieties by 91-96% plants. Applications of DASA took place in early March, the first application of DAM 390 in the second half of March. Flowering took place in an average of month, March 29 - May 30, 2015. Application of insecticides was carried out on all varieties 1x in the bud stage, the second one in bloom against gall midges (Dasineura brassicae) was dropped due to a weak incidence, so did not show the expected effect of FPS.
Harvest was initiated due to the very hot and dry weather on the 21st of July 2015. The overall average yield was 4.64 t8%/ha. Witt yield was 4.64 t8%/ha and buffer strip variety Cortes 4,62 t8%/ha and the HV 4.67 t8%/ha (4.19 to 5.01 t8%/ha). Plant protection products profitability for a variety Witt reached 87.10%, the average HV 87.49% (86.10% to 88.46%).
The numbers show us that the OP variety Witt does not reach at least the same profitability as the HV, but when compared with some specific HV is significantly overcome, which is at OP variety interesting. When comparing the content of fat acids, Witt contains almost the same proportions of fat acids as Cortes. That gives no reason to reach higher prices when selling Witt seeds, so you cannot count on this advantage as stated by the dealer. But in conjunction with lower environmental burden on bees and other non-target organisms, the variety Witt seems to be a very interesting choice.
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Sweet sorghum as a feed component in the complete feed mixtures for fattened rabbits
Lajerová, Martina ; Plachý, Vladimír (advisor) ; Jaromír, Jaromír (referee)
The literary part of the thesis deals with the nutrition of rabbits, their digestive system, nutrients, caecotrophy, nutritional requirements and an overview of suitable feed. The second part of the review describes sorghum, its characteristics, nutritional substances and its use as a feed component in the complete feed mixtures.
The experimental part includes evaluating the appropriateness dried plant sorghum as a feed component with low starch for rabbits. The aim of the study was to determine the nutritional value of sorghum as a feed component in the diet of broiler rabbits.
Dried and milled green mass sorghum was included in two levels (10% and 18%) in the experimental compound feed for fattened Hyla rabbits.
Complete feed mixtures have been compiled, based on the nutritional requirements of rabbits in fattening period. It was administered to 27 animals (9 per group), they were weighed and monitored during the experiment. During the experiment were monitored parameters fattening (growth, feed conversion). Based on analyzes of feed and feces was determined by total digestible nutrients selected. Balance digestibility was calculated as the difference between the nutrient content of the feed and the solid feces, expressed by digestibility coefficient (%).
The best values in the balance sheet amounted digestibility control mixture K. However, the animals thrived and grew well even when fed experimental mixtures C+10 and C+18 represented by dried green mass sorghum. On the basis of the nutritional balance examination it was not possible to disprove the hypothesis that sweet sorghum is appropriate component into complete feed mixtures for fattened rabbits.
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Socio-economic context of the care subsidy
Dolejš, Lukáš ; Pikola, Pavel (advisor) ; Jaromír, Jaromír (referee)
This thesis Socio-economic context of the care subsidy is engaged in mapping the evidence of contributions to the care subsidy of social services users in Domov Rožďalovice and comparing them, particularly in the two offered social services - Homes for the elderly and Homes with a special regime.
The theoretical part is drawn from available literature and the internet sources relating to the chosen topic. The first chapter explains the functions and principles of social policy, welfare state is characterized and described pillars of the social system in the Czech Republic. The next chapter follows the characteristics of social services, their types, forms, financing and legislative regulation. The third chapter is the core of the theoretical part, there is a description of the care allowance, their aims, above, the financial cost and to whom the care allowance intended. It is also discussed about the process for gain the care subsidy, and its effectiveness.
The practical part describes the selected organization Domov Rožďalovice and then described the procedure how to calculate the monthly cost of social services users in Domov Rožďalovice. In the second chapter of the practical part are evaluated results of the survey, which was conducted with clients of the Home of the elderly and. Home with a special regime. Consequently, this part continues with semi-structured interviews guided relating to social and economic characteristics of the chosen topic.
At the conclusion of the evaluation is processed and the results are set out proposals for corrective action.
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Selected issues related to czech currency topics
Špráchalová, Hana ; Pikola, Pavel (advisor) ; Jaromír, Jaromír (referee)
This dissertation deals with selected issues in currency in the Czech republic. To understand the problem it is important to define the concepts related to this topic. The thesis includes basic information about money, their forms and protective elements, payment cards and their safety elements mainly because of preventive measures , which should each currency manager excercise in its competence. In the dissertation there are explained the differences between forgery and altering the money and their ways of forgery not to lead to further transmission and the falsification could be withdrawn from the circulation. The thesis also defines ways and types of frauds carried out on means of payment. Next there is statistical comparison of amount of money detained -counterfeinetd and amanded- by Police CR in 2011/2014. Finally by using a questionnaire we obtain the information about experience and public awareness of Trutnov citizens about counterfeinetd and amanded money, payment cards, their safe handling and dealing with possible situation connected with this issue.
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Selected aspects of environmental law in legal theory and experience
Liška, Petr ; Pikola, Pavel (advisor) ; Jaromír, Jaromír (referee)
The thesis, titled The Selected Aspects of Environmental Law in the legal theory and practise was written on a base of interdepartmental cooperation between FŽP (Faculty of Environment) and PEF (Faculty of Operation and Economy) at ČZU (Czech University of Agriculture). The main idea of the thesis is to make a study of criminal law development from a standpoint of the society interests since the force of legislation Nr. 140/1961 Sb. (Code), criminal law, until the present time, when the law mentioned above was replaced by the law Nr. 40/2009 Sb. (Code), Penal Code. The study takes quite a long term period, from 1961 to 2015.
In the theoretical part I primarilly tried to characterise the rank of interest within the branch of criminal law, with the focus on the substantive criminal law. At the same time I tried to determinate its relationship to the international law and the Czech legal system built on two basic constitutional laws Constitution of the Czech Republic (i.e. Constitutional law Nr. 1/1993 Sb. (Code), as amended).
Then, in the practical part I wanted to characterise criminal offences development in the context of the substantive criminal laws mentioned above, with respect to the state system at the certain time, and in the context of society interests at that time, especially focused on the sphere of environment protection and criminal law usage together with the law characterised by ultima ratio principle, i.e. as the last possible means. I also made an analysis and comparism of statitistics data concerning registered criminal offences made by the Police of the Czech republic that was provided to me by The Police Presidium of the Czech Republic, Department of Analyses.
The final part presents detected results that point out latent behaviour to environmant in the Czech Republic and the problems connected with quantifying losses. In this respect the law enforcement agencies try to solve the problem by taking in an expert in agreement with the legalities of § 105, Paragraph 1 of the Law 141/1961 Sb. (Code), Penal Code, when the expert makes an expertise according to the law enforcement agencies requests in which he objectively deals with the damage setting. Its determination is important for example for the right legal qualification of the criminal offence against environment. At the end of the thesis I also try to outline possible measures contributing to improving of current state of prosecution connected with criminal offences against environment with greater emphasis on respective efficiency.
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Inheritance proceedings with a focus on selected issues expenditure in legal theory and practice
Kroupová, Michaela ; Pikola, Pavel (advisor) ; Jaromír, Jaromír (referee)
This thesis deals with the issue of inheritance procedure, and is focused on selected issues of expenses in legal theory and practice. The most notable changes in inheritance law became effective with the new Civil Code on January 1st 2014. A very important amendment to the funeral services law is in the process of approval at the moment.
Death is an integral part of everyone´s life. Everyone will die one day, we should think about the last farewell. Inheritance procedure is a very extensive and complex process. In case there is no one willing to prepare the funeral, the so called "social funeral" is organized by the municipality where the person died. The body is usually cremated and placed at the nearest appointed place. In some cases the municipality keeps the urns
at the office in order to save costs. The funeral is organized at the lowest cost possible.
The analytical part is focused on the "social funerals" and related expenses in specified cities of the Czech republic - Český Krumluv, Říčany and Šternberk. Afterwards, the number and costs of social funerals in selected districts of Prague is analyzed. Unfortunately not in all
of them, because some districts did not provide the data. The social funeral is not only for the case when the bereaved do not have the means, but also for the case when the family refuses to prepare the funeral for other reasons. One other option for people without financial resources could be self-organized funeral - without the assistance of a funeral service. Self-organized funerals are a very controversial topic. The funeral services of course refuse them, because it would reduce their business opportunities.
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