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Thermal requirements for plant development
Chuchvalcová, Lucie ; Skálová, Hana (advisor) ; Jarošík, Vojtěch (referee)
Plant development is strongly influenced by temperature. Other factors affect plant development to smaller extent. Plant development is affected by rate of enzymatic reactions which depend on temperature surrounding plant. Temperature and time are integrated into thermal time which is defined as sum of temperatures above temperature at which development ceases which is called base temperature. Cardinal temperature at which is the rate of plant development highest is called optimal temperature. When temperature exceeds optimum temperature rate of plant development, rate of development diminishes in higher rate than it increased between base and optimum temperature. Thermal time is mostly being used in agriculture for rate of development prediction, for optimizing crop yield, for prediction of particular developmental stage of weeds. There are also works that focus on wild plants. The easiest way to study temperature effect on plant development is to study leaf development. Rate of leaf appearance on the main stem and its reciprocal called phyllochron (duration separating appearance of two successive leaves) are plant development characteristics most frequently used. Use of thermal time instead of calendar days improved considerably prediction of plant phenological events. The goal of this bachelor thesis was...
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Precopulatory behavior in firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus
Křivánek, Miloš ; Jarošík, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Stejskal, Václav (referee)
The existing research works, dealing with pre-copulatory behaviour in Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.), show that this behaviour follows a simple pattern of mating. The aim of this work is to extend knowledge regarding this type of behaviour. Results were obtained by processing the video footage to monitor the behaviour of individuals of the Central European population (the Czech Republic) as occurred in the respective copulatory zone. Changes were observed in the occurrence and mating activity of each sex depending on climatic conditions and time. Furthermore, the course of individual phases of the mating behaviour, based on mutual interactions and under the influence of external factors, was also observed. These results were supplemented by adding data gained from laboratory experiments, taking place at a temperature of 22 ± 4 řC and involving a long- day type photoperiodic reaction. Based on the results gained, it had been revealed that the climatic conditions significantly influenced the course of behaviour. Individuals of both sexes are physically active during the photo-phase when the intensity of this activity changes in the course of the circadian rhythm. Females display a higher sensitivity to any variation in climate. Males who are influenced by the presence of receptive females show greater locomotive...
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Ecology of butterflies in anthropogenic landscape
Kadlec, Tomáš ; Jarošík, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Prach, Karel (referee) ; Kuras, Tomáš (referee)
The dissertation thesis contains six original papers dealing with an influence of isolation, fragmentation and habitat loss on present cultural and urban landscape. Conclusions are based from studies of one species to those of whole butterfly communities. The first two papers deal with autecology of The Hermit (Chazara briseis) from its last viable population in the Czech Republic. During the last 20 years, it retreated from the republic, and recently it is classified as nearly extinct. The papers point to reasons of the rapid decrease: specialized life strategy and habitat losses. Due to high mortality of long-lived females, this species requires the compensation by high population size in large habitats. The next paper refers to habitat requirements of The Hermits' caterpillars. Local habitat conditions at study sites were noticeably similar to the conditions at German localities, at which this species is now practically extinct. Following two papers study an influence of urbanization on butterfly communities in 25 Prague reserves and parks. The first paper points to diversity changes during 30 years and their causes. Average number of species per site remained the same, but there were detected changes in species composition. Remarkable switching of species composition was observed mainly at large...
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Basic Methods of Sustainable Agriculture
Selecký, Tomáš ; Frouz, Jan (referee) ; Jarošík, Vojtěch (advisor)
Goal of this bachelor thesis is to familiarize readers with the basic methods of management, used in sustainable agriculture. Emphasis will be placed particularly on those methods that I consider to be the most important for achieving economic profitability, environmental protection and sustainability. Considering these methods, I have chosen crop rotation, reduced tillage system and polycultures. This paper should also suggest that transition from conventional, energetically intensive agriculture to the sustainable one is not only important for the environment protection, but that this method of crop production can be even economically advantageous as well. I would like to continue my work on this thesis during my master degree studies in specialization of agroecology at agronomic university.
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The Use of Insects for Monitoring Global Changes
Ali, Mohamed Abdussalam ; Jarošík, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
Abstracts ofthe stuďes inc|uded |n the thesir Effect ofland useandclimate on ďversity ofmoth guilds with differenthabitatspecialization MoEAli'EDAL| ADDUSSALÁMM. KoTELA', ToMÁŠ K.lolrcl, Ivo NovÁr2, Mmrnl Korwrčxl3'a lNo VorÉcrr JlnoŠkL5 LDepartmentofEcologt, Factlty ofScience,Charla ^ Univqsiý,Prague,CzechReptblic, .ResearchInstituteofCrop Proúaio4 Prague 6-Ruzyně,the - CzechRepublic 'InstituteofEntomologl, AcademyofSciences oÍtheCzech Republb' CeskzBudejovžce'CzechRepublic aSchool ofBiologiml Sciences,Universityof Southen - Bohemia,CeskeBudejoice, CzechRepublic 'Institute oÍBotany,AcademyofScienca ofthe Czech Republic,Průhonice,CzechRepublic Address for corr$pondence: Vojtěch JarošflqD€paÍtment of Ecolory' Faculý of Sciences,ChaÍlesUniversiý, Viničná Abstrecí An assemblageofmoth speciesata suburbof Prague(5005'11'\l4ol8'06"E) wasnonitoredby a highly efficient mercurylight trapfor 23 years(1967-1976,l98O- 1992).Speciescaughtrťeíedividedinto sevenguilds accolding to habitatspecialisation,andanďysed for yearly catchesandeffectofannual meant€mperatuÍeatrd precipitatiouby shannon's indexofdiversiý' separatelyfor ďl andabundant(z 5 individuals per yea) species.overal| 424 specieswasrecorded:25 early successionalspeciesof arableland (43%of all caughtinďviduals), 116 forestspecies feedingon...
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