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Interactions of catechins with copper ions
Řihošková, Petra ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical botanic and ecology Candidate: Mgr. Petra Řihošková Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Title of Thesis: Interactions of catechins with copper ions Keywords: catechins, chelating activity, copper, bathocuproine, hematoxylin, antioxidants Flavonoids are a class of plant polyphenols with significant antioxidant activity, which positively affects human health. Flavonoids are able to chelate metal ions (e.g. iron and copper) which participates in the formation of oxygen free radicals, or they directly react with enzymes whose activity increases oxidative stress. Their effect is influenced by the chemical structure, especially by the number and position of substituents and molecular size. Catechins belong to the group of flavonoids found in various types of food, e.g. in tea, chocolate, fruit, or red wine. Catechins exhibit a broad spectrum of biological effects, therefore they are often studied. Their antioxidant effect is mainly manifested by uptaking or quenching of free radicals and the chelation of iron and copper. Copper is one of the trace elements and is necessary for the proper function of the body. In the human body copper is part of enzymes and affects many metabolic processes. Copper...
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Evaluation of alkaloids using in vivo tests with Artemia salina II.
Bystrońová, Beáta ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Beáta Bystrońová Consultant: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: The evaluation of alkaloids using in vivo tests with Artemia salina II. The most common cause of dementia in the elderly is probably Alzheimer's disease (AD). The prevalence of this disease increases considerably. Nowadays only acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are being used for the treatment of AD, they can relieve symptoms of AD, but can't stop progression of the disease. Consequently there is a need for therapeutic agents against AD, which act on various pathological levels. More intensive recent studies are being carried out on natural substances that could pharmacologically affect AD neurodegenerative processes. Our aim was to carry out the toxicological screening for each tested substance. For the purpose of this work we have used Artemia salina in the experiment which seems to be suitable organism for evaluating acute toxicity. The experiment was conducted in a miniature environment. Four substances which belong to isoquinoline alkaloids: stylopine, tetrahydropalmatine, canadine and scoulerine were tested. The greatest toxicity showed stylopine, slightly lower tetrahydropalmatine and...
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Ecotoxicological study of fluoroquinolone antibiotics mixture
Křížková, Lucie ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Candidate: Lucie Křížková Supervisor: RNDr. Jitka Vytlačilová, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Ecotoxicological study of fluoroquinolone antibiotics mixture This thesis is focused on ecotoxicological evaluation of the risk of two fluoroquinolone antibiotics - ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. A multigenerational test with a protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila, which is based on the model of microbiotest of Protoxkit F, has been used for their evaluation. The inhibitory effect of the tested substances on growth and reproduction of organisms has been observed. The dependence between inhibitory effect and concentration of the pharmaceuticals had been detected, and than the values of 24h EC50 have been calculated. During the tests, the phototoxic potential of both antibiotics has been observed and also the mixtures of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin (1:1, 1:2, 2:1) have been tested. Keywords: ecotoxicity, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, Tetrahymena thermophila, phototoxicity
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Antioxidants of natural origin influencing memory
Dlabajová, Denisa ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Dlabajová D., Antioxidants of natural origin influencing memory, Bachelor thesis 2012/2013, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, pp. 54. Large amount of substances isolated from plants which are located all around the world, has antioxidant activity, which prevents the formation of free radicals. These result in development of neurodegenerative disorders, cognitive impairment and dementia. Antioxidants could have an important role in the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Selection of plants with this effect is mentioned in my bachelor thesis (for example Acorus gramineus, Bacopa monnieri, Curcuma longa, Lepidium meyenii, Scutellaria baicalensis etc.).
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The Using of GC and SPME in the Analysis of Natural Products
Bílek, Tomáš ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Valterová, Irena (referee) ; Spilková, Jiřina (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical botany and ecology Candidate PharmDr. Tomáš Bílek Supervisor prof. RNDr. Luděk Jahodář, CSc Title of Doctoral Thesis The using of GC and SPME in the analysis of natural products Due to the wide of use of SPME and GC in the analysis of natural products, this research is focused on the field of botany and ecology on the study of volatile compounds from plants. The material for a study were two species of Lamiaceae family, Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. melissophyllum a Teucrium flavum L. subsp. flavum. In the theoretical part are described as botanical as farmacognostical characteristics of the family Lamiaceae and the species under the study, respectively. Furthermore, the discussion on volatile substances of natural, plant origin including chemical characteristics, biological activity and methods of analysis sensu lato is given. The essential oil of flowering aerial parts of Melittis melissophyllum subsp. melissophyllum (Lamiaceae), growing in central Italy, was obtained by steam distillation and characterised by GC-FID and GC-MS. The total of 48 components were identified (94.7 -95.0%). The main component was the mushroom-like flavour 1- octen-3-ol (43.6 - 54.2%). The result suggests,that the plant...
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The Evaluation of Zearalenone Pressencence in Food and Feed in the Czech Republic
Čtvrtečková, Tereza ; Karlíčková, Jana (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
1 ABSTRACT ČTVRTEČKOVÁ T.: The Evaluation of Zearalenone Pressencence in Food and Feed in the Czech Republic. Hradec Králové 2013, 92 pages. Doctoral thesis at the Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague. Supervisor: PharmDr. Jana Karlíčková, Ph.D. Zearalenone, a mycotoxin characteristic for its estrogenic effects, is produced by certain species of Fusarium genus. It appears in cereal grains, especially in corn. The thesis presents an overview of contemporary findings regarding mycotoxins of the zearalenone type in the territory of the Czech Republic. The focus lies on current assessment of zearalenone presence in food and feed. A summary of latest information on the legislative regulations of zearalenone in food, feed and animal products is provided, including zerealenone analysis methods, their characteristics and trends. The thesis also draws attention to the importance of mycotoxin occurence prevention.
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Phytochemical study of a selected plant taxon. Procyanidins of Vaccinium macrocarpon in food supplements.
Kazakova, Vlada ; Jahodář, Luděk (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology Author: Vlada Kazaková Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Luděk Jahodář, CSc. Title of master's thesis: Phytochemical study of a selected plant taxon. Procyanidins of Vaccinium macrocarpon in food supplements. Backround: The main objective of this work was to analyze food supplements containing Vaccinium macrocarpon, especially to evaluate the content of substances that are considered to be effective against urinary tract infections. Methods: Preparations were analyzed by TLC and HPLC techniques, tested for antioxidant activity by method utilizing DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging. Proanthocyanidins content was determined by using method based on the reaction with DMAC (4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde). Results: An overview of the issue of food supplements containing Vaccinium macrocarpon was created. Concentrations of proanthocyanidins in samples were determined. The content in recommended daily dose of preparations ranged from 4,2 mg to 54,3 mg. Conclusions: Proanthocyanidins from Vaccinium macrocarpon affect the ability of bacteria to adhere to epithelium of the urinary tract. Suitable method of their determination is method based on reaction with DMAC. Results revealed...
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Influence of agronomical practices and plant biological protection on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum II.
Cincibuchová, Veronika ; Vytlačilová, Jitka (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Cincibuchová, V.: Influence of agronomical practices and plant biological protection on production of secondary metabolites of Papaver somniferum II. Diploma thesis. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové, 2013, 97 pp. The influence of agronomical practices as well as the use of biological plant protection on the production of major secondary metabolites, alkaloids morphine, codeine, papaverine, thebaine and narcotine was studied in four different varieties of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L. In the experiment, the seeds of the Lazur, Orbis, Orfeus and OP-P-13 varieties were used, and Pythium oligandrum, the effective microorganism of the fungicide preparation Polyversum, was applied as a biological protection. Each variety was grown in three repetitions using the application of the biofungicide and in three separate repetitions without the use of the biofungicide. Alkaloids were isolated from the poppy through the process of extraction and then analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biosynthesis of alkaloids was affected by many external factors, for example, drought and above average temperatures during the vegetation period of the poppy. The biological protection did not...
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Biologically active metabolites of plants. 10. Alkaloids of Fumaria officinalis L. and their biological activity
Šafratová, Marcela ; Cahlíková, Lucie (advisor) ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee)
Šafratová M.: Biologically active metabolites of plants 10. Alkaloids of Fumaria officinalis L. and their biological aktivity. Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové. Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové, 2013. Diploma thesis. 70 s. The object of this diploma thesis was to process the pool of alkaloids from Fumaria officinalis L. (Fumariaceae). Using column chromatography and preparative TLC three alkaloids were isolated which have been subjected to structural analysis (MS, NMR). The first substance was identified as isoquinoline alkaloid stylopin, others isolated alkaloid was sinactin and third isolated alkaloid was fumarilin. All three alkaloids have been previously isolated from F. officinalis. For all three alkaloids were tested for their inhibitory activity against human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (HuAChE) and human serum butyrylcholinesterase (HuBuChE). For stylopine IC50 values were determined IC50 HuAChE ˂ 1000 µM and IC50 HuBuChE ˂ 1000 µM. For sinactine were measured IC50 HuAChE = 632 ± 22 µM and IC50 HuBuChE ˂ 1000 µM. Values for fumariline IC50 HuAChE ˂ 1000 µM and IC50 HuBuChE = 330 ± 12 µM. In comparison with standards were stylopine, sinactine and fumariline not very active. None of the isolated compounds are therefore...
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