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Determination of body composition by bioelectrical impedance method in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Sehnalová, Lucie ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Lucie Sehnalová Supervisor of master thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Determination of body composition by bioelectrical impedance method in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the top leading causes of death and its morbidity and mortality worldwide is still increasing. Besides the respiratory symptoms there are often developed alterations in metabolism and body composition in COPD patients. Clinically important are mainly malnutrition and skeletal muscle protein loss. Especially if the respiratory muscles are affected, the lung function is negatively influenced. The main aim of this study was to compare the body composition between 15 patients with COPD 3rd and 4th stage and 9 patients of control group without respiratory impairment and comparable anthropometric characteristics (age, body height and weight). By means of bioelectrical impedance analysis we determined the composition of main body compartments. In patients with COPD was the mean amount of lean tissue of body weight (rel LTM) 47.2 ± 8.4 %, amount of fat mass (rel Fat) 37.8 ± 6.4 % and mean overhydration (OH) 0.31...
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Association of nutrition substrate utilization and predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with COPD
Poláková, Terezie ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Student: Mgr. Terezie Poláková Supervisor of rigorous thesis: PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of rigorous thesis: Association of nutrition substrate utilization and predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not only the respiratory system disease, but it influences total state of health of the patient. Mainly, there are changes of nutrition metabolism in its serious consequences, which could be dangerous for the patient. The typically problem of patients with COPD is loss of the muscle mass. The main aim of this study was searching for associations between the nutrition substrates utilization and indices, which are used for prediction of morbidity and mortality in COPD patients. We compared 51 patients in all stages of COPD (38 males and 13 females, mean age 67 ± 7 years) with control group of healthy volunteers (4 males and 5 females, mean age 62 ± 4 years). Measurements were carried out on an outpatient basis by using the indirect calorimetry and determining the amount of urea in urine. Statistically significant differences between utilization of substrates we evaluated only in relative utilization of proteins in...
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Total daily energy expenditure of women in different trimesters of pregnancy
Malíková, Petra ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Background: Total daily energy expenditure of Czech women in particular trimesters of pregnancy is a lowly explored part of energy metabolism. Objective: The purpose of our study was to estimate total daily energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate in particular trimesters of pregnant women in the Czech Republic and to compare our values with these presented in foreign literature. Design: The study was based on 409 assessments. The base was created by questionnaires where women described all of their activities of a certain day. Women also gave details of an exact time of duration for each activity. For matematical assessmetns there were used a specially designed program Energy expenditure 2 and a statistic program GraphPad Prism 4. As the value of basal metabolic rate were considerated values obtained according to Harrise-Benedict equation and consequently modified by multiplication factors (1,035 for the first trimester, 1,062 for the second trimester and 1,177 for the third trimester). These factors were obtained from clinical assessment of basal metabolic rate in Teaching hospital in Hradec Králové. The same factors were used for estimating of total daily energy expenditure. In our study there are described also other energy characteristics - activity energy expenditure, psysical activity...
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Association of body composition parameters established using bioimpedance spectroscopy and predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with COPD
Malinová, Barbora ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Department of Biological and Medical Science Candidate Mgr. Barbora Malinová Consultant PharmDr. Miroslav Kovařík, Ph.D. Title of Thesis Association of body composition parameters established using bioimpedance spectroscopy and predictors of morbidity and mortality in patients with COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death and its mortality and morbidity is still increasing. It manifests itself not only as reduced lung function, but there are present also changes in metabolism and body composition in these patients. Mostly it is skeletal muscle protein loss and malnutrition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition determined using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and compare them with reference value or the studies dealing with this issue. We examined 7 women and 34 men in various stages of COPD. The total amount of fat mass was increased in 56 % of patients compared with reference values. The loss of skeletal muscle protein occurs only in 27 % of patients. The average body mass index was 28.2 ± 6.0 kg / cm2, which indicates overweight. Impedance values were significantly higher in women than in men in the range from 50 to 200 kHz and from 421 to 1000...
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Histological methods used in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Kowaliková, Šárka ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Josková, Věra (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on tumor diseases of the colon, especially on the processing of biopsy material obtained by sampling during colonoscopy and colectomy. The theoretical part of this thesis describes general anatomy of the colon and assumptions of tumor formation in this location. It deals mainly with the risk factors which may be unaffectable, e.g. heredity and age, but also affectable, such as insufficient physical activity, excessive consumption of red meat, low fiber intake, smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight etc. The thesis also describes the possibility of prevention, which is closely related to the risk factors. Finally, some ways of taking biopsy samples and subsequent laboratory processing are listed. The practical part presents the methods used for tissue processing and staining histological slides with a focus on the advantages of faster tissue processing by continuous tissue processor. It also deals with immunohistochemical examination, which is an integral part of histopathological diagnostic procedure. The aim of the thesis was to describe how certain methods of histological processing can accelerate and especially clarify the diagnosis and the associated follow-up treatment. Keywords: colon , colorectal cancer, pathology , cancer , colonoscopy, colectomy,...
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Resting energy expenditure at polytraumatic patients.
Šimandl, Ondřej ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Havel, Eduard (referee)
The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate resting energy expenditure (REE) and the utilization of nutritional substrates in 14 polytrauma patients in the ICU. Was also assessed level of impact Overhydration (OH) on the accuracy of the determination. Diagnostic investigations using indirect calorimetry (IC) was performed in 9 men and 5 women (age 30 ± 15 years, BMI 27.5 ± 9.4 kg·m-2) with polytrauma (ISS 41 ± 16). For more accurate sizing of REE and extent of utilization of nutritional substrates were used equations derived from the equation of Weir, not Softwear calorimeter. Using IC volumes were determined only inspired an expired oxygen and carbon dioxide. To determine the rate of OH was used bioimpedance analysis methods using BCM. Almost 86% (8 men and 4 women) examined patients showed hypermetabolism. Average REE value was 2241.38 ± 854.27 kcal·day-1, which represented an average increase of prediction of 38.09 ± 49.09% due to the physiological condition. A statistically significant relationship was demonstrated between REE determined using the Weir equation according and the Harris-Bennedict equation without (P = 0,01) with deduction of OH (P = 0,007) only in men. In clinical practice, significant correlations were established between the REE-IC and BSA (P < 0,01), LTM (P < 0,05),...
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The energy expenditure at critically ill patients
Švrčková, Alexandra ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Havel, Eduard (referee)
The aim of this study was to determine energy expenditure and to find relations between resting energy expenditure (REE) and selected parameters in 14 polytraumatic patients in the ICU of University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, which were easily measurable and usable for REE prediction. In this study 7 men (age 36 ± 18 years) and 7 women (age 58 ± 28 years) with polytrauma were examined. The assessment of REE was measured via indirect calorimetry (IC) method. The examination also included bioimpedance analysis (BIA). BIA was useful especially for obtaining values of overhydration (OH), lean tissue mass (LTM) and metabolically active body cell mass (BCM). Average REE-IC (measured by IC) was 2116 ± 516 kcal·day-1 in men and 1450 ± 407 kcal·day-1 in women (P = 0.018). Statistically significant difference between men's and women's population was also found in these relations: calculation of basal energy expenditure according to Harris-Bennedict equation without (P = 0.001) and with deduction of OH from body weight (P = 0.001), at "breathing energy expenditure" (REE related to respiratory rate) (P = 0.018) and at (REE related to heart rate) "heart rate energy expenditure" (P = 0.038). REE-IC related to kilogram of BCM with and without deduction of overhydration was shown as statistically significant...
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Evaluation of anthropometric parameters at patients with advance bronchogenic carcinoma.
Ptáčníková, Jana ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Hrnčiarik, Michal (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculcy of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical science Candidate: Jana Ptáčníková Supervisor: PharmDr. Miloslav Hronek, Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Evaluation of antropometric parameters in patients with advanced lung cancer. The aim of this piece of work is to evaluate anthropometric parameters at the patients with non-small cell lung cancer in the third and fourth stage and compare them with physiological values or studies dealing with this issue. Three measurements were performed in three periods: V1 measurements were obtained before the first cycle of chemotherapy (0 day) V2 examinations were performed before the third cycle of chemotherapy (6 weeks) and V3 was the final examination which was measured 3-4 weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy (12 weeks). Patients always came after a twelve-hour fasting. Among the evaluated patients there were 5 women and 14 men, of whom 9 men and 1 woman died. The average age of the patients was 64 years. The circumferential extent and value of skinfolds did not show statistically significant differences in the measured period. BMI was in the physiological range and there was no possibility to demonstrate a correlation between BMI and survival. It was possible to show significant changes during the monitored...
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The evaluation of dietary intake substrates and nutrients in pregnancy.
Sovišová, Petra ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Vejsová, Marcela (referee)
THE EVALUATION OF DIETARY INTAKE SUBSTRATES AND NUTRIENTS IN PREGNANCY Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Petra Sovišová The right nourishment during pregnancy plays key role not only for the healthy development of fetus, but also for over-all health of future mother during pregnancy and after delivery. The aim of this study was to find out by various testing of nourishment in the group of pregnant women nutrition intake of energy, vitamins and minerals in current times in the Czech Republic. Testing was done on weekly basis of all intook nutrition in the group of randomely selected pregnant women since the second trimestr of pregnancy, different age and education, where was suspection of differency in nutrition. The study took place in the period of March to October 2006. Data were processed by NutriDan computer system. First part of my work is on theory basis.In this part I was mainly concerned by intake of lipids, sacharids, proteins and overall energy intake during pregnancy. I was mainly concerned in individual cases on their lack or overlap on individual woman during pregnancy. The results of such measurements are listed in second part of my diploma work. Volumes show, that intake of lipids, sacharides and proteins are relative equal to recommended daily dose for pregnant women in...
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