|
|
The effect of nutrition on bone metabolism
Švejkovská, Klára ; Živná, Helena (advisor) ; Horák, Pavel (referee) ; Kutílek, Štěpán (referee)
The effect of nutrition on bone metabolism The bone has a function for support and protection, and is also a place for hematopoiesis and for mineral homeostasis. The subject of interest of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of chosen proteins, amino acids, iron and the conditions such as long-term under-nutrition, short-term starving and repeated blood withdrawals on the bone parameters - the length and the diameter of the bone, the width of corticalis, and the mechanical properties - resistance to bending, tension and torsion. There were evaluated changes in the concentration of bones markers, changes in the bone mineral density and changes in lean mass and adipose mass in healthy adult males of the Wistar rats . During my doctorate studies I was studying the effect of these components on the bones. In the 1st experiment the rats were fed by the chosen proteins and amino acids: glutamine (GLN), branched-chain amino acids- valine, leucine and izoleucine (BCAA), and caseine (KAS) ad libitum. Further we monitored the effect of one-week realimantation by standard laboratory diet (SLD) after long-term supplementation by the diet enriched by the above mentioned proteins and amino acids. The group fed by SLD ad libitum was the control group. In the 2nd experiment the effect of paired-feeding of the...
|
|
|
Relation of Soluble Factors of Immune System to Fenotype of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
Klein, Martin ; Vencovský, Jiří (advisor) ; Hrnčíř, Zbyněk (referee) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (myositis, IIM) are heterogeneous group of rare autoimmune systemic diseases, characterized particularly by proximal skeletal muscle weakness. Heretogeneity of myositis is based on different pathogenetic mechanisms which may be reflected by variable imunophenotypic response in individual subtypes. Objectives: The aim of this work was to explore the associations and influence of soluble factors of immune system in patient's sera on phenotypic characteristics and subtypes of IIM, to describe their expression in inflammed muscle tissue and study their eventual role in pathogenesis by analysis of effect on immune and muscle cells in vitro. Results: We have described prevalence and characteristics of joint involvement in myositis patients and its significant association with anti-Jo-1 autoantibody. Further we confirmed the relation of anti-HMGCR antibody to immune mediated necrotizing myopathy, its tight relation to statins and recent increase in incidence. We showed inverse association of IFNα serum levels with muscle activity detected on MRI. Clinical activity positively correlated with IFN type-I pathway activation in patients with dermatomyositis. We also show positive correlation of resistin levels and clinical activity and correlation of activity...
|
|
|
The Organization of Repatriation of Displaced Persons in Czechoslovakia after WWII
Kasíková, Jana ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Horak, Pavel (referee)
The Organization of Repatriation of Displaced Persons in Czechoslovakia after World War II. Bc. et Bc. Jana Kasíková Abstract Analyzing the social aspects of the repatriation process of those forced out of their home countries to Czechoslovakia during WW2, this thesis first describes the communication and cooperation of the Czechoslovakian exile government in London with international organizations, particularly with UNRRA and SHAEF. Furthermore, the social, health, transportation and financial impact of creating and maintaining the supporting structures for repatriating displaced persons is explored, with both governmental and non-governmental perspective. Special attention is given to the participation of the general public, e.g. donations, volunteering, media coverage and public relations. The final chapter then explores the organizational structure of the repatriation process in Czechoslovakia. Specific communication between Czechoslovakian and French institutions is presented as an insight into international cooperation. Keywords: repatriation, the return after the Second World War, Displaced Persons, UNRRA, post-war media, relation of repatriation with France
|
|
|
Vliv vybraných látek ovlivňujících centrální nervový systém na kostní metabolismus
Fekete, Soňa ; Živný, Pavel (advisor) ; Horák, Pavel (referee) ; Nobilis, Milan (referee)
The increase in life expectancy of the world population is associated with challenges regarding health issues. For instance, osteoporosis is a medical condition mostly observed in elderly people, in which the quality and quantity of the bone are severely affected. Not only for women but also for men, osteoporosis is recognized as an important public health issue. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder and is a result of loss of skeletal mass. Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass, microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue and an increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. Osteoporotic fractures are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The longterm use of drugs such as antiepileptics and antidepressants could affect the onset of osteoporosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of orchidectomy, the effect of newer antiepileptic (levetiracetam, lacosamide, topiramat, lamotrigine) and antidepressive drugs (mirtazapine, venlafaxine and trazodone) on bone metabolism in healthy male Wistar rats. The first specific aim was to determine the effect of orchidectomy on bone metabolism in rats. We found that after 12 weeks post-orchidectomy there was a negative effect on bone metabolism in rats. These results established these animals as suitable models for...
|
|
|
Application of renewable and recyclable raw materials for preparation of new polymers
Horák, Pavel
This thesis deals with optimalization of flexible polyurethane foam recycling with using of natural polyols based on rape seed oil and fish oil and it explores applications of depolymerized polyol product by formulations of new polyurethane materials. The experiments of depolymerisation showed that both tested natural oil (rape seed oil and fish oil) can be used as effective reagents for polyurethane recycling. Reaction conditions of depolymerisation were optimised with model flexible polyurethane foam and applied on waste foam from real conditions. Gain of depolymerisation is one-faze low viscosity (to 1500 mPa.s) liquid polyol products with content of hydroxyl groups ca 3 mmol/g. These polyols can be used for polymerisation of new materials. First application of recycled polyols was formulation of polyurethane foam systems. Through optimising of formula was prepared low-density semirigid foam containing 100 percentage of recycled polyol. Properties of these foams correspond to commercial foams. To prepare of homogenous cast polyurethane system based on recycled polyols it was necessary to add proper solvent, therefor extent of application has been lowered. On that account the systems were tested for study of polyaddition reaction and for following properties of the material. In these tests, the reactivity...
|
|
|
Forming of Socialdemocratic Post-February Exile (1948-1953)
Horák, Pavel ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Burešová, Jana (referee) ; Kuklík jun., Jan (referee)
HORÁK, Pavel, Počátky poúnorového sociálnědemokratického exilu (1948-1953) [Forming of socialdemocratic post-February exile (1948-1953)], Praha, Karlova univerzita, Filozofická fakulta, Ústav českých dějin, 2014, 392 s. Vedoucí diplomové práce Doc. PhDr. Jana Čechurová, Ph.D. The study aims to answer questions in which way was formed socialdemocratic exile party in the years 1948-1953. It studies who, how and why could have or wanted to have been involved in this process. The topic is viewed from the institutional perspective of an "exile party". It analyses how was the party organised and negotiated. Besides personal stories in the background of refugee everydayness it also looks into what it meant to a be a "social democrat" in "post-February exile" and whether the "exile party" created its own sphere of communicative space for formulating program and various demands and initiatives. The work focuses on the formative period of "exile". It is delimited by the year 1953 which proved a long-term, bipolar character of the world order. The hypothesis is the statement that the "exile socialdemocratic party" was formed in the frame of Czechoslovakian post-February migration as an institution which was creating its own communication, social and migration networks based on specific criteria. At the same...
|
|
|
Repatriation of Czechoslovak exile from Great Britain after the Second World War
Kučera, Jaroslav ; Čechurová, Jana (advisor) ; Horak, Pavel (referee)
The aim of this work is to present how the repatriation from the UK to the liberated Czechoslovakia took place after World War II. The inclusion of the Czechoslovak repatriation to international repatriation action is necessary to emphasize the role of international organizations without this the whole event could not be undrstood correctly. Firstly, the paper focuses on many years of planning repatriation by London exile government which was incredibly tedious process not only for itself but also for the Allies. Planning is encountered a lot of problems and in addition to some conclusions had to wait until the end of the Second World War as it was necessary to know the current situation in the home country. Secondly, the work presents itself start, progress and conclusion repatriation focusing on individual transports and difficulties that accompany them. In conclusion, the paper presents several returnees with their life stories during the duration of their stay in England and after their return to their homeland. KEY WORDS:Czechoslovakia, Exile, Repatriation, Second World War
|
|
|
Evaluation and consumption of animal fat in patients with CVD and DM
Opravilová, Jana ; Vrablík, Michal (advisor) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
The Bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of consumption of animal fat in patients with CVD and DM. The theoretical part deals with the distribution of lipid, lipid metabolism, the quality of each animal fats, foods containing them and their cooking. The practical part consists of a questionnaire study that tracks the incidence of animal fat and method of preparation in the diet of patients with CVD and DM. Data for this study were taken at III. Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine. Keywords Animal fats, nutrition, obesity risks
|
|
|
The role of new pro-inflammatory and/or pro-fibrotic molecules in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis.
Tomčík, Michal ; Bečvář, Radim (advisor) ; Hrnčíř, Zbyněk (referee) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a generalized connective tissue disease affecting the skin and internal organs. The pathogenesis of SSc is characterized by inflammation, vasculopathy and fibrosis. To date, none of the tested drugs have demonstrated convincing efficacy in the treatment of SSc. S100A4 is involved in the regulation of cell motility, proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. It was originally described as a promoter of metastasis in tumors, however, its pro-inflammatory properties have recently been demonstrated in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the role of S100A4 in pathological activation of fibroblasts in SSc and in experimental models of dermal fibrosis. Results: The expression of S100A4 was increased in the skin of SSc patients, in SSc fibroblasts and in experimental fibrosis in a TGF-β / Smad dependent manner. Overexpression of S100A4 or stimulation with recombinant S100A4 induced an activated phenotype in resting normal fibroblasts. In contrast, inhibition of S100A4 or its complete deficit abrogated the pro-fibrotic effects of TGF-β and decreased the release of collagen. S100A4 knock-out mice (S100A4-/- ) were protected from bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis with reduced dermal thickening,...
|
|
|
The role of S100 proteins in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases
Andrés Cerezo, Lucie ; Šenolt, Ladislav (advisor) ; Hrnčíř, Zbyněk (referee) ; Horák, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Recent findings and better understanding to the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases contributed to the development of biological therapies targeting cytokines and immune cells. Several S100 proteins exert cytokine-like effects and participate in the regulation of the inflammatory process. The aim of this work was to study the role of selected S100 proteins in the activity and in the pathogenesis of the rheumatic diseases. Results: Our data show for the first time an association of S100A4 proteinwith RA disease activity and decrease of the bioactive form, but not the total amount of S100A4, after aplication of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blocking biologic therapy in patients with RA. We demonstrated that in vitro S100A4 acts as a potent pro-inflammatory mediator inducing production of TNFα, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in PBMCs via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), transcription factor NFκB and tyrosine kinases erk1/2 and p38. Moreover, S100A4 can play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory myopathies. S100A4 is present in the inflammatory infiltrate of the affected muscles and in the regenerating muscles and may act as a cytokine-like factor indirectly promoting muscle fiber damage by stimulating mononuclear cells to increase the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We...
|
guest ::
RSS feed.