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Healthy Lifestyle as Disease Prevention
Hošková, Kristýna ; Baďurová, Ivana (referee) ; Škapa, Stanislav (advisor)
The content of the thesis is the research of lifestyle of working citizens of the Czech Republic. The principles of a healthy lifestyle, the most common infectious and non-infectious diseases resulting from non-compliance with these principles are described. Based on the survey results, a new preventive program (for health insurance companies) aimed at regular prevention is proposed.
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Intracellular distribution of hydrogen sulfide releasing enzymes in maturing porcine oocytes
Vondráková, Veronika ; Hošková, Kristýna (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
The study of the molecular mechanisms regulating reproductive processes is crucial for increasing the efficiency of reproductive biotechnologies that are often used in animal breeding. A key part of many biotechnological methods is the cultivation of oocytes, which simulates natural conditions in the ovaries. However this simulation is still imperfect and presents a limiting factor for successful formation of mammalian oocytes.capable of fertilization.
Meiotic maturation is influenced by many factors including for example gasotransmiter hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Until recently, hydrogen sulfide was known only as toxic gas polluting the environment. It was found that the hydrogen sulfide is at low concentrations important signaling molecule with a lot of physiological functions. Hydrogen sulfide is produced by enzymes CBS, CTH and 3-MPST in various tissues of the body, including the reproductive system.
We hypothesised that enzymes responsible for the endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide, CBS, CTH and 3-MPST, are present in porcine oocytes and their presence varies during meiotic maturation in cellular organelles. The goal of this study was to prove this hypothesis by cultivating porcine oocytes, detection of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and hydrogen sulfide-releasing enzymes using imunocytochemistry and colocalization analysis.
Our results showed that enzymes releasing hydrogen sulfide, CBS, CTH and 3-MPST, are present in GV porcine oocytes and also in the oocytes matured to the MII stage, after 48 hours in vitro cultivation. We found that the distribution of these enzymes in cellular organelles in oocyte changed during meiotic maturation. There were significant changes in the distribution of enzymes 3-MPST and CBS in the mitochondria, levels of colocalization coefficients for enzyme 3-MPST increased, these coefficients for enzyme CBS decreased during meiotic maturation. In endoplasmic reticulum we found significant changes in the distribution of all three hydrogen sulfide-releasing enzymes. Levels of colocalitazion coefficients for CBS and 3-MPST increased, while levels of these coefficients for enzyme CTH decreased. Results of our experiments on porcine oocytes can help to clarify the role of gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide during meiotic maturaion mammals of oocytes and are highly valueable because their possible application in breeding of farm animals and in human assisted reproduction.
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Interactions of Hydrogen Sulfide Releasing Enzymes in Porcine Oocytes during Meiotic Maturation
Jiříček Hasalová, Simona ; Hošková, Kristýna (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
The reproductive biotechnologies currently represent a major scientific discipline based on a sufficient quantity of wholesome oocytes matured in vitro conditions to acquire permits for their effectiveness. The meiotic maturation is a complex process where a wide range of factors is involved in the regulation. One of these factors are small gaseous molecules, so-called gasotransmitters. These gases demonstrate number of physiological functions in the organism and the latest discovered gasotransmitter is hydrogen sulfide (H2S).
The aim of this thesis was to test the hypothesis according to which there are enzymes present in porcine oocytes that produce H2S (CBS, CTH, 3-MPST), their distribution is in interaction and their joint actions influence the process of the meiotic maturation. The resulting data were obtained on the basis of immunocytochemical staining and colocalization analysis.
The results proofed the presence of H2S-releasing enzymes in porcine oocytes. It was also confirmed the function of these enzymes in relation to the regulation of the meiotic maturation when oocytes cultured with triple inhibitors of H2S-releasing enzymes matured more slowly. The results also showed medium correlation dependence of enzymes CBS, CTH and 3-MPST. The combination of CBS and 3-MPST resulted in high correlation dependence which confirmed their interaction both in immature oocytes and in vitro matured oocytes.
It is evident that so far studied effects of H2S are only a fraction of skills which this signal molecule possesses. There exists a need for future experiments to help us describe and explain the acting mechanisms of H2S.
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Molecular mechanism of hydrogen sulfide action during meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes
Veselá, Andrea ; Hošková, Kristýna (advisor) ; Tomáš, Tomáš (referee)
At present reproductive biotechnology methods are on the rise, but their development and application in the broader management of reproduction is dependent on obtaining a sufficient number of quality oocytes cultured in vitro. The prerequisite for this requirement is the creation of the optimal conditions in the course of culturing oocytes.
Understanding and knowledge of the processes that occur in oocyte during maturation is an important and necessary condition for optimizing the process of culturing oocytes in vitro and gaining a sufficient number of good quality oocytes in metaphase II of meiotic division. A large number of mechanisms that affect and control oocyte maturation are known, however it cannot be claimed that this process has been fully explained and studied. One factor which has a potential role in the regulation of meiotic maturation of oocytes is gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a critical signaling molecule of endogenous origin.
The study of H2S led to the hypothesis that H2S actively influences the course of meiotic maturation of pig oocytes by regulating key signaling cascades. The aim of this work was to determine the involvement of H2S in the regulation of the MEK1-MAPK signaling cascade, responsible for the initiation and progress of the meiotic maturation of oocytes and the MEK1-PARP-1 cascade as signaling that supports cell viability. For this purpose, pig oocytes cultured in modified media were used, supplemented with a specific combination of enzyme inhibitors (3Ki) or in a culture medium with donor H2S. The ocytes were then subjected to immunocytochemistry staining, fluorescence microscopy and image analysis.
The results show that H2S is involved in the regulation of meiotic maturation. It confirmed the hypothesis of the endogenous production of H2S in the course of the meiotic maturation of pig oocytes and the influence of the MAPK signaling cascade. Based on the results, it is however likely that the MEK1-PARP-1 signaling cascade is not affected by H2S, unlike MAPK signaling, comprising the mentioned MEK1 as superior kinase. MAPK kinase activity is significantly lower in oocytes after treatment 3Ki. Further experiments are for a detailed understanding of these regulatory pathways and for the proper verification of the mechanism of the effects of H2S necessary, in particular for a full understanding of the target control factors by the post-translational modification of S-sulfhydration.
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Healthy Lifestyle as Disease Prevention
Hošková, Kristýna ; Baďurová, Ivana (referee) ; Škapa, Stanislav (advisor)
The content of the thesis is the research of lifestyle of working citizens of the Czech Republic. The principles of a healthy lifestyle, the most common infectious and non-infectious diseases resulting from non-compliance with these principles are described. Based on the survey results, a new preventive program (for health insurance companies) aimed at regular prevention is proposed.
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Current state tax winnings and poker in the CR
Hošková, Kristýna ; Slintáková, Barbora (advisor) ; Finardi, Savina (referee)
This work deals with the taxation of winnings from lotteries, etc. such games. Taxation is often discussed. The main supplier of gambling is taxed in the Czech Republic. The Czech republic is a major operator of gambling. Most of the revenue from gaming is free, but there are also taxable income. The goal is to provide an exhaustive overview of Taxation wins, including wins from games not covered by the law on lotteries. The work missing interpretation of the Law on Lotteries and current information about gambling. Work describes in detail the poker from its history to the current taxation.
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