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Tarahumara/Rarámuri in Northwestern Mexico. From cave dwellings to ejido
Halbich, Marek ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Kováč, Milan (referee) ; Hlúšek, Radoslav (referee)
This paper refers to Northwestem Mexico, name1y to the largest present native group the Tarahumara IRarámuri Indians. The thesis, which consists of three independent parts and nine chapters, shoves foremost on the reconstruction of development of this area (with a view to the Tarahumara people) from the prehistoric times to the arrival of first Spanish conquerors and missionaries and it seeks, simultaneously, to do certain more critical evaluation of the archaeological (ethnoarchaeological) researches, the biology anthropological researches and investigations in cultural geography, first more serious ethnographic fieldworks and principal historical resources with them some historians are working. It has been taken advantage of many works and older researches which represents the definite representative sample for the frame of one~s own hypotheses and questions at what we are looking for the answer. The second part targets the some theoretical conceptions as ethnicity (ethnic identity), social and cultural identity, the acculturation or transculturation or some Mexican (Latin American) version of political identity indigenism with them it works generally and more concretely and it nears namely on the Mexican material some doubtable theses as interna/ c%nialism and with it connected the simplified idea about...
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The Conception of Time in Maya Cosmology
Boďová, Veronika ; Halbich, Marek (advisor) ; Heřmanský, Martin (referee)
Maya were one of the great civilizations of the Middle America. They lived in the regions of Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and Honduras. Mayan history reaches back some 4,000 years to what is called the Pre-classic period, when civilization first began in Central America. However, it was during what came to be known as the Classic period (AD 250 to 900) that Mayan culture reached its peak and the Maya achieved their celebrated advances in architecture, mathematics, agriculture, astronomy, art, and other areas. What is my main interest in my work is the conception of time of this great civilization. In 19th century, the study of Maya science and religion has progressed by leaps and bounds. Archaeologists continued to uncover ancient ruins and excavated thousands of carved monuments, jade artifacts, rich burial tombs, painted ceramic vases, and examples of the hieroglyphic writing invented by the Maya. Scholars made enormous progress deciphering the Maya script. Specialists can now read almost all of these hieroglyphs, which reveal detailed histories for each Maya kingdom. In addition, scholars found and deciphered sacred texts that described events that occured during the world's creation and successive recreations. Maya creation myth describes those astronomical events. The Creation myth of the...
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The Conquest and Patterns of Culture
Kozina, Václav ; Halbich, Marek (advisor) ; Horský, Jan (referee)
The main topic of my thesis is the interpretation of cultural phenomena in the cultural clash of Europe and America in the time of spanish conquest by the conception of cultural patterns (derived from American configurationism, especially form the work of Ruth Benedict). I describe cultural patterns of four different cultural universa (analogous to Ruth Benedict in her book Patterns of Culture): 1. late-medieval Spain; 2. Mexico of the Aztecs; 3. Peru of the Incas; 4. Antiles. My description shows radical differences among cultural patterns of societies, which came in contact in the time of conquest, and their mutual comparations reveal causes of tragic outcomes of the spanish conquest.
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The Maya Indian as a Tourist Construction
Součková, Kristina ; Soukup, Václav (advisor) ; Halbich, Marek (referee)
The anthropology of tourism is a dynamically developing sub-discipline of anthropology dealing with man as the main actor of the tourist industry. In my thesis, I attempt to show that tourism is a two-sided phenomenon - just as the human desire to travel is the main reason for the existence of the tourist industry, then tourism also affects the thinking of man. In particular, I deal with the notions that tourists have of Mayan Indians, and how these notions are indirectly and directly formed.
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Saving the Local at the Global Table
Huszthyová, Liliana ; Halbich, Marek (advisor) ; Ryška, Tomáš (referee)
A concern with the other has been present for half a millennium in western thought. The classic concept of indigenousness denoted the lowest position in the scale of civilization by creating the remote other. However, the historical changes can be traceable also in the different positioning of the remote other. The fall of colonialism brought about fundamental challenges and redefined the terms of this relationship. In this thesis I have discussed the relationship between the human rights and anthropology with a special focus on the indigenous rights, as they form a unique crossroad between various disciplines and sciences. In order to closely analyze the transnational activism I held a specific focus on the United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues (UNPFII) in the broader context of the historical developments of the indigenous rights. It was shown, how the indigenous people were initially constructed as distinct, and subordinate groups via the polyvalent discourses of the noble and ignoble savages. Although created half a millennium ago, the relics of the stereotypical thinking have craved their ways into the modern institutional setting. Despite the fact that currently there are more opportunities for indigenous peoples to participate in institutional activities than ever before, the issues...
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Tarahumara/Rarámuri in Northwestern Mexico. From cave dwellings to ejido
Halbich, Marek ; Vrhel, František (advisor) ; Kováč, Milan (referee) ; Hlúšek, Radoslav (referee)
Tarahumara IRarámuri Indians. The thesis, which consists of three independent parts and nine chapters, shoves foremost on the reconstruction of development of this area (with a view to the Tarahumara people) from the prehistoric times to the arrival of first Spanish conquerors and missionaries and it seeks, simultaneously, to do certain more critical evaluation of the archaeological (ethnoarchaeological) researches, the biology anthropological researches and investigations in cultural geography, first more serious ethnographic fieldworks and principal historical resources with them some historians are working. It has been taken advantage of many works and older researches which represents the definite representative sample for the frame of one~s own hypotheses and questions at what we are looking for the answer. The second part targets the some theoretical conceptions as ethnicity (ethnic identity), social and cultural identity, the acculturation or transculturation or some Mexican (Latin American) version of political identity indigenism with them it works generally and more concretely and it nears namely on the Mexican material some doubtable theses as interna/ c%nialism and with it connected the simplified idea about socia1 egalitarianism of all the indigenous groups or the theory for dissolution of the...
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