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The evaluation of 137Cs content in mushrooms and forest berries in the South Bohemia region
HÁLOVÁ, Jana
The collection and consumption of forest fungi and blueberries are among the most popular seasonal activities in Czech Republic. Due to the Chernobyl accident, however, these raw materials are believed to have contained increased amounts of radionuclides. The aim of the work is to evaluate the content of 137Cs in blueberries and fungi collected from South Bohemian region in the period of 1992 - 2020. Data of 137Cs mass activity obtained from the State Office for Nuclear Safety's MonRas database were re-examined for validation using samples of fungi (n = 318) and blueberries (n = 142). The results ranged widely as follows: (a) boletes fungus, from 0.18 to 6430 Bq / kg; (b) leafy fungus, from 0.28 to 4040 Bq / kg; and (c) blueberries, from 0.24 to 2046 Bq / kg. Between boletes fungus and leafy fungus, the former was seen to have a higher ability to accumulate the radionuclide 137Cs. The calculated effective dose caused by the consumption of fungi and blueberries was assessed as negligible, amounting only to less than 1% of the general limit for the population. Despite these favorable results, detailed monitoring of raw materials from nature needs to be continued and the safety of the food chain ensured.
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Differences in the sight of home for the elderly before and after placing a client
HÁLOVÁ, Jana
The diploma thesis Perception of a Retirement Home before and after Client's Admission deals with elderly people's decision to go to a retirement home and their subsequent life in a retirement home. The diploma thesis is divided into two parts theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part focuses on aging and old age, quality of life, autonomy, modern families and elderly care at home as well as in institutions. The chapter Aging, Old Age and the Elderly explains the terms "aging" and "old age". Next, it also describes the changes that occur during old age, how the elderly manage to adapt to these changes and what is their attitude toward old age. From the nursing perspective, the senior citizens can be divided into following categories: able, fragile, dependent, completely dependent and dying. According to this division, the level of care for the elderly can be determined. However, it is vital to maintain acceptable life quality among the elderly as well as respect their real needs. Not only basic physiological needs have to be satisfied, but also higher-level needs cannot be overlooked, such as safety, security, love, acceptance, belonging, respect, recognition and personal fulfillment. One of the next main aspects that also should be taken into account is personal autonomy. Personal autonomy includes independence and freedom. It is self-sufficiency of an individual related to his or her possibilities, abilities and willingness to seize the choices and opportunities that life offers. People have the right to make independent decisions and establish or carry out them in their social environment. In general, people are considered to be autonomous individuals when they manage and organize their own activities without help of anyone else, are able to satisfy their physiological needs, stand up for their opinions and do not enforce approval, closeness and emotional support. They should not excessively fear other people or even feel guilty. If elderly people are no longer self-sufficient due to any reason, it is necessary to provide them with comprehensive care. Elderly people should be entitled to choose their preferred form of care. Elderly care can be provided in clients' private environment, by their family or by field social work. If the elderly do not have a family or it is not possible to take care of them in their home, a housing facility called a retirement home can be used. A retirement home helps its clients with following: accommodation, meals, assistance with daily self-care tasks, personal hygiene or arrangement for personal hygiene, maintaining contacts with social environment, activating tasks and enforcing rights and interests (for instance assistance in dealing with authorities, communicating with various companies, etc.). The aim of the empirical part of the thesis was to determine how the elderly perceive the retirement home before their admission and after adaptation. A secondary aim was to identify the views of family members on changes in the behavior of the elderly after their placement in a retirement home. With regard to the objectives of the thesis, a qualitative research method has been chosen which allows to examine the area in depth. The research was conducted by a survey method (a semi-structured interview). The research was conducted in two retirement homes in South Bohemia. The research group consisted of 10 respondents aged from 60 to 88 years. The target group was selected by quota sampling. The respondents consisted of clients without loss of cognitive abilities placed in a retirement home who could remember their idea about the retirement home before entering it. Another target group were family members of the individual interviewed clients. The diploma thesis states questions related to the research areas.
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Motivational activities for people with Alzheimer's disease
HÁLOVÁ, Jana
Bachelor thesis titled Activation Activities for People with Alzheimer?s disease. Dementia is becoming a social problem, especially in people over 65 years of age. Dementia as a disease begins slowly and quietly. Therefore, patients suffering from it and people around them often confuse it with normal aging. This disease is divided into several types according to its causes. The most common cause of dementia is Alzheimer?s disease. Alzheimer?s disease is one of progredient brain diseases; in humans it is characterized by the disturbance of multiple higher cortical functions, including memory, orientation, thinking, reasoning, understanding, communication skills, and judgment. Early diagnosis and starting the treatment as soon as possible are essential for affecting the course of the disease. The treatment of Alzheimer?s disease is to be approached comprehensively. Pharmacological treatment is important but so are therapies focused on cognitive rehabilitation and activation of the patient. Activation activity means training and consolidation of motor, mental, and social abilities and skills of a person. Activation activities may include ergotherapy, aromatherapy, music therapy, zootherapy, art therapy and more. Family caregivers, who cannot look after a person a person with Alzheimer?s disease, may decide to place the family member in a home with a special regime. Another reason for such placement may be the provision of care in a facility of a standard better than people with dementia could have received at home. At a home with a special regime, a person with Alzheimer?s disease is looked after by nursing staff, medical staff, workers engaged in activation activities, social workers and other therapists; therefore, this professional care for people with dementia is better. Qualitative research, using the methods of a semi-standardized interview, uncontrolled observation, and content data analysis, was chosen for the empirical (practical) part. The research was conducted at the Home with Special Regime in Strakonice and at the Home with Special Regime Na Zlaté stoce in České Budějovice. Thirteen respondents took part in the research. Jobs of the respondents were as follows: a social work instructor in a home with a special regime, a social work instructor in a home for the elderly, a physiotherapist, a direct care worker, an activation activities worker, nurses and a ward sister. The respondents were selected using the snowball sampling method. The research regarding seven respondents, who work with patients suffering from Alzheimer?s disease, took place at the first facility. Six respondents participated in the research at the other facility. Their ages ranged from 27 to 53 years. The objective of this bachelor thesis was to find out the ways in which activities and activation activities change with the progression of Alzheimer?s disease at the facilities for people with dementia syndromes. A partial objective of the thesis was to obtain an opinion of the workers in social services about activation activities most suitable for people with Alzheimer?s disease. Another partial objective was to map the activation activities offered at the two selected facilities with a special regime in South Bohemia. The research question was as follows: Are activation activities for people Alzheimer?s disease performed with regard to the progression of the disease at the selected facilities?
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