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Development of soil horizons during soil formation on antropogenic substrates
Eichlerová, Jana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Bartuška, Martin (referee)
This bachelor work is focused on the development of soil horizont during pedogenesis on anthropogenic substrates. In the theoretical part types of soil horizons, their formation and development, and the factors affecting these processes are described. The practical part address the question how the development of A and Oe horizons differ with different vegetation cover and slope position. This was studied in reclaimed spoil heap neat the Sokolov. Several soil samples were taken in, and the GPS position has been collected together with depth of A and Oe horizon. In the laboratory the pH was measured. Higher development of A horizon and lower pH were found under deciduous forests than under conifers. The thickness of the A horizon increased also from top to the bottom of the slope. Keywords: soil formation, soil horizon, post mining sites
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Bioturbation and its role in soil formation
Burešová, Andrea ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Tajovský, Karel (referee)
Bioturbation in degradated soils can improve colonization of habitat by plants and fauna, which positively influence soil properties and improve the soil regeneration. Bad conditions dominate in habitats where bioturbation activity inhibiting this colonization, and soil degradation can be increased and affect the soil erosion. The absence of soil bioturbators is noticeable from soil micromorfology. To compare with stands, where soil bioturbators are present, here we will not find any biostructures and mixing of soil profile is minimal. The result is, alter alia, low amount of soil organic matter leading to higher competition for nutrients among units. In this thesis the main factor influencing present of soil ecosystem engineers, in this case earthworms,is clima. Comparimg soil micromorfology of four habitats placed on climatic gradient from east to west of USA can be inferred, which role play soil bioturbators in first five centimetres of soil. Was determine how soil structure is affected by their activity during three successional phases and which factors influence thein presence or absence. In conclusion, differences between climatic conditions lead to different succession of ecosystem,mainly composition of different species in the community. It leads to variable soil structure characteristic...
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The effect of toxicity and othet parameters of substrate on plant growth in post mining sites.
Zadinová, Radka ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Kočí, Vladimír (referee)
Surface mining of coal in the country leaves a lot of damage. This type of mining is characterized by the creation of large external dumps. The dumps often contain substrates with toxic substances or substances which become toxic after reaction with air. These substrates are toxic to plants and edaphon. This work is intended to show what properties of substrates are important for phytotoxicity. The location of research was selected including 3 different kinds of substrates, terrain unevenness and a lagoon in the middle. Coordinate grid has been created on the selected location. At each point a test was conducted with plant Sinapis alba and biomass was extracted from a naturally growing vegetation. Further, at the points substrates were collected and values of pH, conductivity and arsenic were measured. Test with plant Sinapis alba was repeated in the laboratory conditions as well. On site GPS coordinates were measured for the mathematical model created in ArcGIS. Experiment has shown the importance of the type of substrate and the geologic description, and then the association between dejection, value of pH and conductivity. Conductivity and pH levels also correlate with the germination Sinapis alba and biomass of naturally growing vegetation.
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Factors causing spatial distribution of ant nest
Zeman, Jiří ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Holec, Michal (referee)
We observed the distribution in the large complex of the interrelated nests of Formica polyctena ant species on the locality Polánka near Mladá Vožice. In GIS we studied which factors affect spatial distribution of the F. polyctena anthills via diskriminant analysis. Totally we maped 244 nests. The main factors affecting the distribution of ant nests are existence of open areas in the forest (paths and openings) and the position of another anthills. The anthills indicate the cluster spacing. Anthills in the openings are smaller than those in the highwood.
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Contaminant mobility and toxicity in soil profiles in the Mufulira smelting area (Copperbelt, Zambia)
Konečný, Ladislav ; Ettler, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
ii SUMMARY The smelter in Mufulira is one of the several active copper smelters in Copperbelt area in Zambia. It had operated for almost 70 years and during that period all offgas and dust were released into the atmosphere. Six profiles, three of them beneath trees, were sampled in the distances of 3.6, 8 and 24 km from the smelter. Each profile consisted of 9-10 layers collected continuously from the topsoil till depth of 60-70 cm. Following parameters were measured for each layer: pH, TC, TS a CEC, then total concentration of Ag, As, Al, Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, V a Zn and extractability by EDTA. The total concentrations of metals/metalloids were measured by ICP-OES and quadrupole- based ICP-MS. TC and TS were determined by thermal analysis and mobility of metals was assessed according to their extractability by EDTA. The aim of this work was to compare vertical distribution and mobility especially of these metals Co, Cr, Cu, Pb, V and Zn among profiles. Finally a standardized toxicity test was performed with ten selected layers (include all top soils) from all profiles. This reproductive test with Enchytraeus crypticus reflected how tested soil samples were suitable for living and reproducing this specimen of invertebrates. Generally the total concentrations of metals decreased in...
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Termoregulace lesních mravenců r. Formica na výškovém gradientu
Kadochová, Štěpánka ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Véle, Adam (referee)
This study examines thermoregulation behavior of wood ant genus Formica on elevation gradient. Two years long dataloger records of inner nest and ambient temperature were combined with detailed spring-summer manual measurement of nest temperature in different depths below nest surface. Results show that inner nest temperature was higher than air temperature in all seasons. Temperature of ant nest is highest in the deepest layer, the heat flows from inside out. We can assume that thermal homeostasis of ant nest in spring and summer i.e. in period of ant highest activity is influenced mainly by inner heat sources - microbial activity and ant metabolism. Insulation seems to have direct effect on nest temperature only in early spring; in summer insulation affects nest temperature indirectly, via ant activity. In winter there is pronounced effect of nest volume which corresponds high isolative properties of nest material. Our results indicate that thermoregulatory behavior of wood ants is driven by endogenous factors, namely colony needs in sense of queen oviposition brood development. Both of these require high temperature. Nests at variable altitude did not differ in average seasonal temperature or seasonal temperature fluctuation. Variability of nest temperature was bigger among nests from one...
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Factors influencing the distribution of European Beech (Fagus silvatica) on the post mining spoil heap
Vobořilová, Veronika ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (referee)
In this thesis the influence of existing vegetation, the distance from the north border of the spoil heap, animal grazing, terrain bumpiness, and soil pH on the distribution and rooting of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica) at spoil heap Velká podkrušnohorská výsypka (50ř14'09 N, 12ř39'05 E) was examined. To accomplish this, beech seedlings within chosen areas overgrown by spontaneous succession or alder restoration were mapped using GPS. A rooting position on the wave-like terrain was recorded for a proportion of the total number of seedlings. Soil pH was also measured on the wave-like terrain. The majority of seedlings (183) were found at the succession sites; only one seedling was found in the alder restoration site. The GLM analysis proved significantly more seedlings in succession sites compared to alder restoration sites (p = 0.0169) and the negative dependence on distance from the north border of the heap (p < 0.0001). Within the wave-like terrain, 46% of seedlings were growing on the north slopes. In 2009, small seedlings were planted into the fresh restoration site and the adjacent succession site, in both cases inside the fencing and outside of it. The seedlings were growing significantly better in the succession site compared to the restoration site, and they were growing better inside the...
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Water regime of reclaimed and nonreclaimed heaps
Cejpek, Jiří ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Kuráž, Václav (referee)
Summary: Great Podkrusnohorska spoil heaps in the Sokolov region in Western Bohemia is the largest spoil heaps in the Czech Republic, which was pour million tonnes of overburden soil surface mining of brown coal. The thesis is setting on the basic characteristics of the water regime and water balance of spoil heap soil and thus follows a series of previous works dealing with the comparative development of the reclaimed and unreclaimed area. The areas are long-term monitoring of soil moisture using a dielectric soil moisture meter total water regime was monitored by subsurface with gravitation lyzimeter, runoff and throughfall rainfall. Older unreclaimed plots as well as reclaimed plots have higher porosity, water field capacity and moistre than young sites, however there are limited by water deficiency in similatr way as young sites due to increase in wilting point. Keywords: Spoil heaps, Recultivation, Soil humidity, Water supply, Water balance
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Spatial heterogeneity of heaps and plant and soil development
Harmáčková, Veronika Zuzana ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Matějíček, Luboš (referee)
Spatial heterogeneity is an important ecological factor influencing the species diversity of a community. Research of spatial heterogeneity was carried at a spoil heap in a brown coal mining district near Sokolov, the Czech Republic. The study site was located in a non-reclaimed part of the spoil heap with a characteristic microrelief, consisting of terrain waves. This part of spoil heap has been overgrown by spontaneous vegetation. A detailed model of microrelief was made and soil pH of microhabitats and the distribution of wooden vegetation were mapped. The results suggest that spatial heterogeneity of the microrelief strongly influences the spatial heterogeneity of soil qualities. Three main sources of the spatial heterogeneity of soil qualities were identified: (1) the features of dumped substrate, (2) local transport and (3) the abundance of wooden vegetation. Spatial heterogeneity of microrelief also influences the way of vegetation establishment and leads to an irregular tree distribution. Wooden vegetation tends to establish at the north, leeward side of the wave and on the steeper slopes, the lengths of which are around 5 meters. Soil pH on individual waves and microhabitats is influenced by both microrelief and the number of wooden vegetation. Spatial heterogeneity of microrelief...
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