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Sequestration of soil organic matter in broadleaf and coniferous forests in soil at various stages of pedogenesis
Hüblová, Lucie ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important component of the soil. SOM is responsible for availability of nutrients for plants and soil organisms, formation of soil structure and soils water-holding capacity. SOM is made up of organic matter (OM) of plant and animal origin at various stages of decomposition. SOM can be divided into several components called fractions. Fractions differ between each other in their resistance against decomposition. Main SOM fractions are: (1) free floating particulate organic matter (FPOM) and (2) OM bound to soil mineral surfaces in various ways (MAOM) - OH inside macro- and microaggregates and OM bound to silt and clay surfaces (S+C). It is assumed that MAOM fraction becomes C saturated during soil development and no more C can be sequestered in it. Other fractions, particularly FPOM, that are not dominant C storage in the initial stages of soil development become more important in the later stages and amount of C stored in them increases. However, there is scarcity of studies that examine this assumption. In this work I studied the hypothesis that soils in different stage of development will differ in the amount of C stored in different fractions. On top of that, this difference will be affected by the dominant tree species growing on the soil and the effect of tree...
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Modelling of spatiotemporal development of vegetation
Šálek, Vojtěch ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Gathering quantitative data on stand density and aggregation of the most abundant woody species present during spontatneus succession on spoil heaps is a of the essence in situations, when we need to compare it with man-made sylviculture stands and other areas of of post-mining environment. For the scope of this study a large dataset, containing over 2500 trees on more then 11 hectares of spontaneous forest succession on spoil heaps. was measured and acquired. These entries were used to calculate indices of self-thinning, specifically Reineke's stand density index (SDI) and a index of clustering using Hopkins statistics (HSI). Data consists of stand measurements ranging from 16 to 90 years of continuous succession. Taking species composition into account, the study focuses mainly on population of silver birch, which reached dominant abundance on many of the studied areas and reference data on silver birch SDIs are common in literature. Along with stand density indices, the slopes of its functions were calculated and compared with the reference values. The correlations of clustering index values with site age, species composition, diameters at breast height, and density indices were analysed. Analysing the resulting values of stand-density indices for areas where birch was dominant, spontaneous...
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Performance of late succession tree species in reclaimed and unreclaimed post mining heaps
Šimáňová, Doubravka ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
As a result of surface mining, ecosystems are destroyed, soil deposited on landfills is subject to degradation, contamination and erosion events, the water regime of the area is changed and all vegetation is removed from the surface. The most common way of rehabilitating a destroyed ecosystem is forest restoration. This can be done either by technical reclamation, during which the surface is leveled, and selected trees are planted here, or it is possible to leave the area to natural development, which is called spontaneous succession. The thesis summarizes knowledge about both methods of restoration, including their advantages and disadvantages. In the practical part, the growth production of late successional species, Norway spruce (Picea abies) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica), growing on areas left for spontaneous development and on artificially reclaimed areas, on spoil heap near Sokolov, are compared. The results show that the trees in the stand of natural regeneration have better conditions for growth, but not all measured parameters are statistically supported. Therefore, this work can serve as a survey of potentially suitable parameters for the creation of a larger-scale study. Key words: spoil heaps, forest restoration, succession, technical reclamation
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Final report about research in Sokolov post mining sites in 2021 based on agreement between ENKI ops and Institute of Soil Biology BC CAS
Frouz, Jan ; Bartuška, Martin ; Oppong, J.C. ; Lišková, K. ; Houška, J. ; Červenka, J. ; Kučera, J. ; Bednářová, E. ; Reitschmiedová, E. ; Dvorščík, P. ; Mudrák, O. ; Šimáňová, D. ; Woś, B. ; Karimi Nezhad, Mohammad Tashin ; Mustafa, Adnan ; Pietrzykowski, M. ; Kopecký, T. ; Hovorková, M. ; Čápová, K.
The report brings main results of the research about soil and ecosystem recovery in post mining landscape near Sokolov based on agreement between ENKI ops and Institute of soil biology, BC CAS.
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Changes in organic matter input to soil during pedogenesis as a driver of soil organic matter sequestration
Lačná, Karolína ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Vindušková, Olga (referee)
Soil organic matter is an integral part of the soil representing a reservoir of nutrients for plant and soil organisms, especially in accumulation of a biogenic element carbon (C). The accumulation and stabilisation of soil organic matter depends on several mechanisms. The input source for the creation of SOM is the plant organic matter consisting mainly of the litter and above-ground part of the plant herbal biomass. The accumulation of SOM and carbon sequestration is primarily influenced by the chemical composition and amount of OM entering the soil. In this work, the entry of OM into the soil was experimentally verified at locations with an older naturally formed soil type and man-made soil (post-mining sites). As part of the research, other types of forest cover represented by spruce and alder stand were compared. From the measured data of the individual influencing factors, it was found that the composition and quantity of OM is determinated significantly with the species composition of the forest. More plant OM was observed in the alder trees area stands on both soil types with a lower C:N ratio, whic describes better decomposable OM. By contrast, there were no statistically significant differences between areas on young and old soils. The results suggest increased concentrations of...
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The effect of toxicity and othet parameters of substrate on plant growth in post mining sites.
Zadinová, Radka ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Kočí, Vladimír (referee)
Surface mining of coal in the country leaves a lot of damage. This type of mining is characterized by the creation of large external dumps. The dumps often contain substrates with toxic substances or substances which become toxic after reaction with air. These substrates are toxic to plants and edaphon. This work is intended to show what properties of substrates are important for phytotoxicity. The location of research was selected including 3 different kinds of substrates, terrain unevenness and a lagoon in the middle. Coordinate grid has been created on the selected location. At each point a test was conducted with plant Sinapis alba and biomass was extracted from a naturally growing vegetation. Further, at the points substrates were collected and values of pH, conductivity and arsenic were measured. Test with plant Sinapis alba was repeated in the laboratory conditions as well. On site GPS coordinates were measured for the mathematical model created in ArcGIS. Experiment has shown the importance of the type of substrate and the geologic description, and then the association between dejection, value of pH and conductivity. Conductivity and pH levels also correlate with the germination Sinapis alba and biomass of naturally growing vegetation.
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Ontogeny of soldier behaviour and its polyethism in termites
Homolka, Petr ; Šobotník, Jan (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
The presence of soldier caste is an important synapomorphy of group Isoptera. The adaptation of this caste to defense tasks is more than obvious and some of their morphological or even behavioral adaptations can be quite impressive. The polyethism in termites is relatively well known inbetween rather worker caste. If there are such a studies pointing at polyethism in soldiers, they are connected with soldier polymorphism. The morphological differences are of course important stimulus to role separation. The goal of this thesis was to examine the polyethism in the species of the termite with monomorphic soldiers - Prorhinotermes simplex. I did behavioral experiments with it in enclosed arenas, recorded on specific days. The data shows, that there are differences inbetween individuals and it would be benefical to invest further time to subsequent studies. The thesis bring out new point of view to defensive behaviour of termites and suggests, that even termite species without polymorphic species may have soldiers with different tasks. Besides I managed to map ontogeny of soldier behaviour in the first two weeks after moulting from presoldier instar. Key words: Isoptera, polyethism, soldiers, ontogeny, defensive behaviour Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Assessing the impact of attendance on the selected caves using GIS
Kukla, Jaroslav ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
Caves are valuable sites from geological , palaeontological and biological point of view. They are important biotopes of rare and endangered species. Their ecosystem is quite specific and often very independent on environment. Therefore, the caves since the beginning of science have been the subject of research , and gradually also the subject of protection. Caves can also be very attractive objects of interest of tourism. In the Czech Republic there are 14 open to the public karst caves that have regulated attendance, and their access time is subordinated to the interests of nature conservation. On the other hand, there are also a number of caves that are not secured in any way and may be a target of unregulated tourism. This dissertation discusses the evaluation and the impact of attendance on non-karst caves in the National Nature Reserve Canyon Labe, which are freely accessible. I divided the work into three parts. In the first part I dealt with quantifying the attendance of all caves in the area of interest, On the basis of collected data, I made a selection of caves , which I later focused on. In the second part of my work I focused on obtaining information about the visitors and their motivations using public inquiry survey in selected caves, In the third part I tried to analyze the impact...
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Plant biomass of reclaimed and unreclaimed heps of various age
Dvorščík, Petr ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Cudlín, Pavel (referee)
This thesis has been elaborated as a part of complex succession research on the Velká podkrušnohorská spoil heap near Sokolov (north-west Bohemia, GPS: 50ř13'34.695"N, 12ř42'6.627"E) . The objective of this work is to describe biomass development of reclamational and successional localities on a chronosequence example. Unreclaimed areas are represented by successional spontaneous vegetation with dominant Goat willow (Salix caprea) with an mixture of European aspen (Populus tremula) and European birch (Betula pendula). Reclamation areas are represented by forest planting of Black alder (Alnus glutinosa) mixed with Grey alder (Alnus incana). On this localities was quantify total biomass (above and below ground biomass of herb and tree layer). Data evaluation was performed using allometric equations formed on destructive analysis of the main tree types. There is not statistically significant difference betwen the recovery site methods. Keywords: chronosequence, biomass, succession, reclamation, spoil-heap, allometric
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