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Pathobiochemistry of lysosomal storage disorders: Study of Fabry disease and generation of cellular models of X-linked disorders.
Rybová, Jitka ; Ledvinová, Jana (advisor) ; Entlicher, Gustav (referee) ; Živný, Jan (referee)
Human autopsy or biopsy tissue samples, mouse models and cell cultures of various types represent the most common materials in the investigation of cell pathogenesis of inherited diseases. This dissertation is devoted to all these approaches in the study of two X-linked lysosomal storage diseases, Fabry disease (FD,α-galactosidase A (AGAL) deficiency) and mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPSII, idunorate-2- sulfatase (IDS) deficiency). The primary goal of the work was analysis of lipid blood group B antigens with terminal α-galactose (B-GSL) in the pancreas of FD patients with blood group B (FD-B).,In addition to the main glycosphingolipid (GSL) substrate, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer), B-GSLs represent another minor substrate of AGAL. The deposition of undegraded B-GSL has been demonstrated in FD-B pancreas where it was significantly higher than in other organs such as the kidneys and lungs which accumulate mainly Gb3Cer. High concentration of lipid and non-lipid B-antigens was primarily confirmed in exocrine acinar epithelial cells of FD-B, accompanied by massive accumulation of ceroid (secondary sign of lysosomal storage). Unlike acini, the endocrine portion of the pancreas remained unaffected by accumulation of AGAL substrates. This interesting phenomenon of cell biology shows how a specific...
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Proteins as a source of nitrogen for tobacco plants grown in vitro
Bělonožníková, Kateřina ; Ryšlavá, Helena (advisor) ; Entlicher, Gustav (referee)
Nitrogen (N) belongs among necessary elements for plant growth and development. In the past attention was paid mostly to the inorganic forms - nitrate and ammonium. In soil N is also present in organic forms, including proteins, for which plants could compete with soil microorganisms. Recently two ways have been considered - the hydrolysis of proteins by secreted proteases and endocytosis of native proteins, possibly their confluence. Tobacco plants were grown in vitro under sterile conditions in modified Murashige-Skoog medium with casein as the only source of N (CAS), decreased concentration of inorganic forms of N (AD) or in complete Murashige-Skoog medium as control plants (MS). After the 12 weeks growth, the standard growth parameters were measured. The CAS plants were able to grow without inorganic N, and protein content in the leaves was higher than in other experimental plants. Proteomic analysis documented differences in protein expression in plant roots in the dependence on the form of N. In total 185 proteins were identified, 75% of proteins were less and 14% more abundant in the CAS plants. The uptake of casein conjugated with fluorescein was followed and the proteolytic activity was analyzed by confocal microscopy. Among proteins secreted from roots to the medium aspartic protease...
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