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English presentation sentences with HAVE
Hlaváčková, Veronika ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
The BA thesis focuses on presentation sentences with the verb 'have', on their categorisation, and on the tendencies of the respective categories. Presentative constructions carry existential meaning; the verb 'have' is semantically emptied and the postverbal element - the object - represents the rheme, a new piece of information introduced to the discourse. The main source for the thesis is Ebeling's research of have- presentatives. The aim of this BA thesis is to identify the categories and the method of transformation into there-existentials is applied. The tendencies and characteristic features of the respective categories are analysed, and the nature of both subjects and objects is described from the viewpoint of their concrete/abstract, animate/inanimate nature. The semantic roles of subjects are also determined. The empirical part of the thesis is based on the sample of 100 instances drawn from the British National Corpus. Keywords: presentation sentence, 'have', subject, object, semantic role
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Adjectival evaluative patterns in lifestyle magazines
Podsedníková, Andrea ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
The present thesis focuses on the classification, description and comparison of evaluative adjectives occurring in two lifestyle magazines, Cosmopolitan (for women) and Esquire (for men. The theoretical part presents general information on evaluation and evaluative language, local grammars, lifestyle magazines and differences between the use of language by women and men. The material for the analysis is drawn from online articles published by Cosmopolitan and Esquire which are part-of-speech tagged using the freeware Part-Of-Speech tagger TagAnt, the analysis is carried out using the corpus analysis software AntConc. The initial part of the analysis describes and compares the most frequently used evaluative adjectives in the two corpora. The final section uses the patterns presented in the theoretical part of the thesis as a starting point; the two corpora are searched to find their occurrences, potential variations and patterns that have not been described previously. Key words: Evaluation, lifestyle magazines, local grammars, evaluative patterns
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English get-passives
Tyčová, Dana ; Brůhová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
The present thesis studies the verb get in the function of the passive auxiliary. The theoretical part describes general formal and syntactic-semantic characteristics of the verbal category of voice. Subsequently, it provides a comparative overview of the be-passive and the get- passive. The analytical part is based on a sample of 100 examples excerpted from the web corpus Araneum Anglicum Minus. The examples in the sample demonstrate verbs that are found most frequently in the get-passive. The analytical part focuses on the following aspects of the get-passive: the syntactic-semantic and semantic categories of verbs that occur in the get-passive and the semantics of the get-passive subject. This thesis provides a systematic analysis of English get-passives and hopes to contribute to a more detailed syntactic and semantic description of this construction. key words: voice, passive voice, get-passive, be-passive
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The prepositional phrase with the preposition at as a valency complement of nouns
Sláma, Jakub ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
The present thesis deals with noun valency, its relation to reference, and factors underlying the realization of the valency potential of nouns. The theoretical part examines valency in general, delineating the basic terminology and concepts usually employed in the descriptions of valency couched within various linguistic frameworks. The theoretical part subsequently focuses more specifically on the valency of nouns, pointing out in what ways it differs from the valency of verbs. The support verb construction is introduced, and it is explained why the construction is not examined in the present thesis. Two interfaces are introduced, viz. that of valency and word-formation, and that of valency and reference, or contextual boundness. The empirical part of the thesis is divided into several parts, all relying on data from the British National Corpus. The quantitative part of the analysis shows that the nouns attempt and ability obligatorily take an explicit complement when they are immediately preceded by an indefinite article marking their newness in discourse. This could possibly challenge both the widespread claim that the expression of the valency potential of a noun is never obligatory and the claim that (these) nouns are avalent. The qualitative part of the analysis examines the expression of...
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Rhetorical relations in academic texts: contrastive study of English and Czech
Jansová, Cecílie ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
The present work describes coherence structure of English and Czech book introductions. The account of coherence is based on Rhetorical Structure Theory (Mann and Thompson, 1988; Mann and Taboada, 2006) which posits that majority of texts have one main effect which can be described by one of their inventory of thirty-two rhetorical relations; other relations are organized in a hierarchical structure and contribute to the main effect. Out of thirty monographs compiled for each language, four book introductions were chosen to represent the English language and four to represent the Czech language. The data were annotated in terms of rhetorical structure. The qualitative analysis showed that the genre of book introduction does not differ across languages as all texts were described by the same top-level relations; the only difference concerns the position of the goal of the monograph. The queantitative analysis showed that the difference on lower levels concerns the presentation of past research: Czech focused more on presenting elements of subject-matter. Key words: coherence, rhetorical relations, Rhetorical Structure Theory, book introductions, English, Czech, monographs, genre
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Components of the third syntactical plan in Czech and in English: Czech expressions with the postfix "-pak" and their English translation counterparts
Šebestová, Denisa ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
The present diploma thesis examines the English translation equivalents of Czech expressions containing the postfix -pak. This postfix occurs in pronouns, pronominal adverbs, particles and interjections. It is employed as an element of the 'third syntactical plan' (Poldauf, 1963), i.e. the repertory of linguistic means which relate an utterance to the individual, expressing his concern with the content of an utterance, his stance towards its content or form. The thesis identifies and describes the English means equivalent to the postfix and uses them as markers of individual discourse functions fulfilled by the -pak expressions, thereby specifying the description of these Czech expressions. Attention is also given to the conversion of -pak expressions as well as their occurrence in idiomatic constructions. The major functions include expressing epistemic modality, voicing appeal, establishing/maintaining contact, and emotional expressivity.
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Reporting clauses in English original and translated fiction
Jelínková, Marcela ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
The bachelor thesis is concerned with the means of introducing direct speech. It explores reporting clauses in English original and English translated fiction. It presents a corpus based study, focusing on the differences between English original and English translated reporting clauses and the influence of Czech reporting clauses on their English translation counterparts. The analysis is carried out on a sample of 100 reporting clauses from English original fiction and 50 reporting clauses from English translated fiction and their counterparts in the Czech original, extracted from the InterCorp parallel corpus. Reporting clauses are analysed with respect to the reporting verb and optional modification in the reporting clause. The analysis also focuses on translation shifts between Czech reporting clauses and their English translation counterparts. The findings confirm the hypothesis that English translated reporting clauses exhibit a tendency for greater diversity compared to English original reporting clauses as a result of the influence of the Czech original. Keywords: reporting clauses, reporting verbs, corpus-based study
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Reporting clauses in Czech and in English
Sedláček, Miroslav ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Malá, Markéta (referee)
This diploma thesis presents a contrastive description of reporting clauses in present-day original Czech and American fiction (published and awarded in 2010-2015). The examined reported clauses are limited to direct speech marked with a conventional means of punctuation. Based on six samples of fiction, three American ones and three Czech ones, this thesis examines reporting verbs, their diversity, the nature of the subject of reporting clauses, modification by adjuncts, the presence of an object expressing the addressee and the position of reporting clauses with respect to their reported clauses. It also scrutinizes the instances of leaving the reporting clause unexpressed and of certain transient forms. The ascertained values are then compared with a translatology paper on the same topic. The findings of this thesis confirm that while Czech reporting clauses strive for diversity by a number of means, English reporting clauses strive for inconspicuousness. This thesis attempts to contribute to a better understanding of reporting clauses. The outlined findings may be helpful especially to translators and fiction writers. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Czech "copak" and its English translation equivalents in parallel texts
Petrová, Zuzana ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
This diploma thesis examines the Czech expression copak and its translation counterparts. It focuses on the individual functions and meanings of copak and the ways these are expressed in the English translation. The aim of the present paper is to determine to what extent the discourse meanings of copak as a particle are maintained in the translations and what means English uses to do so. Regarding the pronominal function of copak, the main issue is to examine whether the postfix -pak is reflected in the English translations or not and what equivalents are used in comparison to the forms without the postfix. Another objective is to analyse the English counterparts according to their formal representation and define their discourse functions in respect to the discourse meanings of the Czech originals containing copak. The research carried out in the present thesis was based on material drawn from the parallel corpus InterCorp. A total of 240 examples with the expression copak was excerpted with the English translations aligned to them. The analysis was divided into five parts, according to the particular word class of copak. Particles proved to be the most productive word class, as they provided 187 examples and 25 different translation counterparts, negative question being the most frequent one. The...
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English tough-constructions and their Czech counterparts
Dudáková, Petra ; Popelíková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Dušková, Libuše (referee)
This thesis deals with English tough-constructions and their Czech translation counterparts. Tough-constructions are constructions the verb phrases of which most frequently contain an adjective and their object is placed into the position of a subject (e.g. he is difficult to get on with). These constructions have no Czech syntactic equivalent. The transposition of the object into the subject position is also possible with some nouns and verbs. Adjectives or nouns complementing the infinitive phrase (a.k.a. tough-predicates) then evaluate the action or the object of the action expressed by the infinitive phrase. The aim of this thesis is to determine how these English constructions are translated into the Czech language. For the purpose of the analysis one hundred instances of the English tough-constructions together with their Czech translation counterparts were extracted from the InterCorp, a parallel English-Czech corpus. The analysis itself focuses on the examination of their syntactic structure, realization of the verb, the translation of the adjective, temporal reference and functional sentence perspective of the Czech semantic equivalent of the English subject. key words: tough-constructions, translation counterparts, tough-predicates, syntactic structure, functional sentence perspective
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