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Nutrition for children suffering from coeliac disease
Heniková, Marina ; Nevoral, Jiří (advisor) ; Bronský, Jiří (referee)
Coeliac disease is a systemic autoimmune disease caused by gluten occurring in genetically susceptible individuals. Clinical manifestations of coeliac disease have changed over past decades. It became more diverse and begins later. Children with common gastrointestinal symptoms are on decline while children with uncommon extraintestinal symptoms are on the rise. The high sensitivity and specificity of coeliac- specific antibodies in a group of pediatric patients with disease manifestation allowed diagnosis without biopsy. The currently used treatment for coeliac disease is lifelong strict gluten-free diet. The aim of the work was to determine the current state of knowledge of coeliac disease in children, available diagnostical methods, and treatment of coeliac disease. Furthermore, my goal was to inform about the issue of gluten-free diet, the legislation, state support, contributions of health insurers, the range and availability of gluten-free foods, their financial demands and the function of patient organizations. The aim of the practical part of my work was to find out which circumstances triggered the initial coeliac disease diagnosis in children and to inform about the problems associated with maintaining a gluten-free diet in families with children suffering from coeliac disease. The select...
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Bilirubin secretory pathway and its disorders.
Sticová, Eva ; Jirsa, Milan (advisor) ; Bronský, Jiří (referee) ; Jirásek, Tomáš (referee)
Identification and functional characterization of numerous transport systems at the sinusoidal and canalicular membrane of hepatocytes have significantly expanded our understanding of bilirubin metabolism and contributed to elucidation of molecular basis of hereditary jaundice. Moreover, dysregulation of hepatobiliary transport systems could explain jaundice in many acquired liver disorders. This thesis is focused on the new aspects of bilirubin handling in hepatocytes based on elucidation of the molecular basis of Rotor syndrome. The first study is focused on the antioxidative properties of bilirubin in liver tissue in a model of obstructive cholestasis. In the second part of the thesis we present several novel mutations in ABCC2, the gene associated with Dubin-Johnson syndrome, identified in patients selected for the Rotor locus mapping study. In the key third study concerned with Rotor syndrome we demonstrated that biallelic inactivating mutations causing complete absence of transport proteins OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 result in disruption of hepatic reuptake of bilirubin, which is the molecular basis of Rotor-type jaundice. These results indicate that apart from secretion of conjugated bilirubin into bile, a significant fraction of bilirubin glucuronide is secreted via MRP3 into sinusoidal blood and...
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New regulatory hormones of breast milk
Mitrová, Katarína ; Bronský, Jiří (advisor) ; Frühauf, Pavel (referee) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee)
Background: Breastfeeding is supposed to exert long-term protection of the infant from the development of civilisation diseases later in life. Adiponectin, leptin and AFABP are candidate proteins in nutritional programming of the infant. Aim: To determine intraindividual changes of breast milk levels of regulatory hormones (adiponectin, leptin, AFABP) and adipophilin in breast milk during 12 months of lactation. Methods: Proteins were measured using high sensitive ELISA method in 72 healthy mothers within 2 days of beginning of lactation (day 0) and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months following delivery. Results: Adiponectin levels in breast milk on day 0 (D0) were 22.8 ± 0.8 (mean ± S.E.M.), in 1 month (M1) 22.0 ± 0.6, in 3 months (M3) 20.5 ± 0.6, in 6 months (M6) 21.4 ± 0.8, and in 12 months (M12) 25.7±1.4 ng/ml. AFABP levels were 12.3 ± 2.0, 6.2 ± 1.3, 1.3 ± 0.2, 2.5 ± 1.0 and 4.6 ± 1.9 ng/ml, respectively. Leptin levels were 0.3 ± 0.04, 0.2 ± 0.03, 0.1 ± 0.01, 0.1 ± 0.02 and 0.2 ± 0.04 ng/ml, respectively. Adipophilin levels in D0 were 1.98 ± 0.12, in M1 2.83 ± 0.21, in M3 2.39 ± 0.17, in M6 2.57 ± 0.16, and in M12 3.25 ± 0.21 μg/ml. We found significantly higher levels of adiponectin in M12 in comparison to M3 and M6 (p = 0.0026), higher levels of AFABP in D0 and M1 when compared to M3, M6 and M12 (p < 0.0001) and...
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Examining the significance of peptides regulating the intake of food and the nutritional state of children and adolescents
Bronský, Jiří ; Průša, Richard (advisor) ; Pelouch, Václav (referee) ; Hyánek, Josef (referee)
Introduction: Regulation of food intake and nutritional status is mediated by complex interactions of regulatory peptides of the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue. These systems are connected by feedback loops which inform the centre about amount of ingested food and energy reserves in the organism. Dysfunction of any of these regulatory areas may lead to changes in nutritional status of the organism. Methods: We used radioimmunoassay to measure plasma levels of orexin A, total ghrelin and serum levels of leptin and enzyme immunoassay to measure serum levels of adiponectin in healthy subjects and in children with obesity, anorexia nervosa, Crohn's disease and celiac disease and we evaluated the influence of nutritional therapy on these levels. Moreover, we evaluated relationship of these regulatory peptides to other biochemical and anthropometrical factors of nutritional status. We also measured plasma levels of total and unreduced amylin by enzyme immunoassay with immunofluorescence detection in adult patients with osteoporosis, type II diabetes mellitus and in the control group. Results: During reduction of body weight in obese children and adolescents, there were statistically significant changes of plasma orexin A levels and total ghrelin levels, but we haven't seen any...
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