|
|
Risk management in microfinance institutions
Batin, Artyom ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Šíma, Ondřej (referee)
In the following paper I have tried to find the correlation between type of ownership and effective risk management in the operations of microfinance institutions in India. The results found are consistent with the current findings of how the type of ownership does not impact both the financial or social performance of MFIs. Dataset of 72 MFIs was acquired from the Microfinance Information Exchange on MFIs and evaluated using an OLS regression. The results show that the type of ownership insignificantly impacts both the credit and liquidity risk ratios of MFIs. It is possible that the impact of ownership type is more evident in other aspects of operations. In the future, a study on type of ownership and exposure to strategic and market risks could be a way forward.
|
|
|
Zestavení Portfolia a Mezinárodní diverzifikace během krize
Farský, Samuel ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Pour, Jiří (referee)
Portfolio diversification is a procedure by which investor allocates and divides his or her funds into different type of securities. Unlike the investing all the funds solely into one security, diversification enables to reduce the risk of an investment by splitting one big risk into several small, unrelated risks. This master thesis examines the problem of diversification during a financial crisis, when usually the risk of an investment and uncertainty of future incomes from investment is relatively higher. The main goal of this thesis is to define whether is it more efficient and beneficial to diversify the portfolio solely from national securities or conversely to diversify internationally. In the theoretical part, it offers literature background on topics related to capital market, fundamentals of portfolio and fundamental analysis. In the empirical part it examines the risk and return of three national portfolios on monthly basis during a 10-year investment period, which is separated into three individual periods, in order to better observe the impacts of crisis. In order to fulfill the main goal of the thesis, composite international portfolio was constructed and observed on the same manner as the three national portfolios. Afterwards the outcomes were compared and conclusions were stated. Internationally diversified portfolio has not achieved remarkably better result than individual national portfolios. Therefore, it may be concluded that there is no strong need for an investor to diversify his or her portfolio internationally, as it does not show better results as nationally diversified portfolios.
|
|
|
Measurement of transaction exposure using Value at Risk
Prorok, Vojtěch ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Skoupil, Lubomír (referee)
The thesis is focused on the process of exchange risk management especially in context of small and medium enterprises. This process consists of exchange risk identification, quantification and decision whether to hedge the exposure. In the first chapter, transaction, economic and translation exposures are described. In the subsequent stage, options of transaction exposure measurement are discussed. The basic principles are demonstrated on scenario analysis and, after that,the description of VaR computed by historical simulation, Monte Carlo simulation and parametric approach is included. In the analytical part of the thesis computation of VaR by using historical and Monte Carlo simulation is illustrated on the case of made up company called CZ_export s.r.o. Four different VaR of its portfolio, which includes five different positions that vary in currency, volume and maturity, are obtained and, consequently, compared one another. In addition, it is proved that including correct correlations is essential for a good informative value of any model. All the computations are performed in Crystal Ball software by Oracle.
|
|
|
Development of trading strategies based on technical analysis
Stehno, Vítězslav ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Dvořák, Michal (referee)
This thesis has two main objectives. It attempts to describe the process of developing an intraday discretionary trading strategy based on technical analysis and to create through the process an intraday discretionary strategy for speculative trading of contracts for difference on the OTC market. The theoretical part of the thesis is divided into three chapters providing the necessary knowledge for creation of an intraday discretionary trading strategy in the practical part of the thesis. The emphasis is put on the description of different tools and methods technical traders usually use in their strategies. The development process of the strategy is divided into three parts which are Strategy Creation, Backtest and Optimization. These parts are further divided into smaller sections dealing with different issues of the strategy development process. The final outcome of the work is structured development process of discretionary trading strategies and also highly profitable intraday discretionary strategy for trading of Gold based contracts for difference.
|
|
|
TARGET 2 a krize platební bilance v Eurozóně
Vilímovský, Petr ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Jakl, Jakub (referee)
This thesis aims to analyse the connection between the Eurozone's balance of payments crisis and the TARGET 2 balances. These balances represent mutual clearing relationship of the individual euro area member states to the European Central Bank inside the TARGET 2 system, which serves as a heart of the Eurozone's payment settlements. In fact, the central banks of the core countries hold significant positive balances while the peripheral central banks accumulated substantial negative positions. The TARGET 2 balances appeared mainly as a consequence of the liquidity outflow from the peripheral countries to the core due to the large imbalances in fundamental factors such as the NCA deficits, net foreign debt, public and private debt or competitiveness. The development of the balances was further facilitated via uneven liquidity provisions from the Eurosystem, as the peripheral countries effectively financed their balance of payments disequilibrium by issuing new liquidity that almost immediately moved to the core. The banking systems of the core started to operate in the liquidity excess status as the monetary base increased in 2011 and 2012. Assets with questionable quality collateralized the increasing refinancing operations in the periphery as the collateral requirements were repeatedly lowered. It resulted in an increase in the credit risk of these operations primarily in the periphery countries. This situation, among many others presented in this thesis, raises further questions about the parameters of the future single monetary policy as well as the continuance of the European monetary union.
|
|
|
LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF FED DURING BANKING PANIC 1929 - 1933
Titze, Miroslav ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Jakl, Jakub (referee)
Main goal of the diploma thesis is to research liquidity management problems of the Federal Reserve System during banking crisis 1929 -- 1933. Monetary policy implementation based on the implicit reserve targeting was not convenient in times of sharp expansion of the demand for reserves. FED was misled by Real-bills and Riefler-Burgess doctrine and considers monetary condition to be easy. Money interest rates responded very moderately to the shortage of the banking system's liquidity. We can find origin of the first quantitative easing in 1932 when FED first bought larger quantities of the government securities. Expansionary monetary policy during the banking crisis 1929 -- 1933 was also potentially limited by the conflict among U.S. financial stability and sustainability of the gold standard.
|
|
|
Vývoj struktury devizového trhu se zaměřením na Hongkong a Singapur
Vu, Thi Lan Anh ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Šíma, Ondřej (referee)
Bachelor thesis analyses the development of the structure of the foreign exchange market. The theoretical part describes global foreign exchange market, its core and functions, subjects entering to the market and also the technique of performing operations. The empirical part focuses on the development of the foreign exchange market in Hong Kong and afterward this market is compared to the foreign exchange market in Singapore, which foreign exchange markets are the world's financial centres.
|
|
|
Yuan as a world currency
Král, Martin ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Pour, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to answer the question of whether the Chinese currency fulfills prerequisites for becoming another reserve currency alongside the already used reserve currencies and whether the Chinese authorities are able to ensure necessary changes for a smooth transition to a new monetary regime. China has already made a series of steps in this direction. The previous question will be answered accordingly. The first section of this paper summarizes general knowledge about world currency, its functions, features, and its position in the world economy, with the advantages and disadvantages accruing to the world currency issued by the state. There are presented factors that are prerequisites for internationalization of the currency. The second part deals with the Chinese currency and factors such as the size and openness of the Chinese economy, the analysis of the Chinese financial market, the exchange rate system and the convertibility of the yuan, which affects international currency status. The conclusion evaluates prospects for the yuan to achieve the statute of the world's reserve currency.
|
|
|
Credit risk of central bank foreign exchange operations
Vlazneva, Anna ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Skoupil, Lubomír (referee)
The current thesis titled "Credit risk of central bank foreign exchange operations" aims to explain the concept of credit risk and its types from theoretical perspective and to define sources of credit risk that are specific for central banks and which arise from central bank's operations. It also aims at the analysis of possible methods of credit risk limitation. The practical part of this thesis is dedicated to the study of specific sources of credit risk as well as methods of credit risk management which are presented on the examples of the central banks of Great Britain, Japan and the European central bank. Closer attention is also paid to the response of these central banks to the 2008 financial crisis and the impact that this crisis had on the extent of their exposure to credit risk.
|
|
|
Importance of sources of central bank liquidity during the financial crisis. The development of the lender of last resort function
Laga, Václav ; Brůna, Karel (advisor) ; Šíma, Ondřej (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to document the importance of liquidity resources of central banks during banking panics and financial crises and analysis of the development of LLR function. We examined three historical examples: the banking panic of 1866, the Great Depression and the current financial crisis, and we focused on the interaction between the demand for liquidity on the one hand and the supply of liquidity by central banks on the other. On the wide historical background we also analysed the changes in the function of LLR. We present that a restrictive monetary policy during financial market distortions may lead to further disturbances and cause serious recession. The analysis of the BoE during 1866 and of the FED between 2007 and 2009, on the contrary shows that the expansionary stance and considerably endogenous liquidity supply are able to reduce financial market's distortions and mitigate possible recession. Analysis of FED's reaction also indicated that should the LLR remain efficient, central banks must expand their instruments portfolio.
|
guest ::
